Networks with time structure from time series

We propose a method of constructing a network, in which its time structure is directly incorporated, based on a deterministic model from a time series. To construct such a network, we transform a linear model containing terms with different time delays into network topology. The terms in the model are translated into temporal nodes of the network. On each link connecting these nodes, we assign a positive real number representing the strength of relationship, or the "distance," between nodes specified by the parameters of the model. The method is demonstrated by a known system and applied to two actual time series.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted to be published in Physica

Hyperoxic Training Results in Greater Training Effects on Cardiorespiratory Function and Metabolism than Normoxic Training

高酸素気吸入下および正常気吸入下での身体トレーニングが, 有酸素能力および代謝に及ぼす影響を明らかにするために, 14名の健康な男子大学生がトレーニング実験に参加した。被検者を任意にVO_がほぼ同じくらいになるように高酸素気吸入下での身体トレーニング群 (HT群 : n=7, VO_=54.7ml・kg^・min^), 正常気下での身体トレーニング群 (NT群 : n=7, VO_=54.6ml・kg^・min^) に分け, 自転車エルゴメーターを用いて90%VO_の強度で週3回, 4週間のトレーニングを行った。トレーニング時間はHT群では1回につき12分間, NT群では総仕事量を同じにするために12分24秒から13分6秒の範囲であった。また, 漸増負荷法による最大運動テストと90, 150および210Wで3分間, 合計9分間の最大下運動テストをトレーニング前後に行った。その結果, トレーニング後, HT群ではVO_が54.7から60.2ml・kg^・min^に, NT群では54.6から56.8ml・kg^・min^に増加した。両群の増加率を比べてみるとHT群 (10.0%) の方がNT群 (4.2%) よりも有意に大きいことが明らかになった。また, トレーニング後, HT群では最大下運動テスト時の呼吸交換率および血中乳酸濃度が有意に低いことが明らかになった。これらのことから, 高酸素気吸入下での身体トレーニングはVO_を改善する点, 最大下運動時において糖質の消費を抑制し, 脂質の利用を促進する点で有効なトレーニングと考えられる。To determine the physiological effects on aerobic capacity and metabolism of hyperoxic and normoxic training, fourteen healthy male college volunteers participated in the training study. The training intensity and period were 90%VO_ and 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Subjects were divided into a hyperoxic training group (HT group : n=7, VO_=54.7 ml・kg^&lt-1&gt・min^&lt-1>), and a normoxic training group (NT group : n=7, VO_=54.6 ml・kg^・min^) according to their VO_. The training duration in the HT group was 12\u2700", and that in the NT group ranged from 12\u2724" to 13\u2706" in order to equalize the amount of work performed by the two groups. Maximal and submaximal graded exercise tests were conducted at pre- and post-training. At post-training, VO_ in the HT group was increased from 54.7 to 60.2 ml・kg^&lt-1>・min^. VO_ in the NT group was also increased from 54.6 to 56.8 ml・kg^&lt-1>・min^. The change ratio of VO_ (ΔVO_) in the former group (about 10.0%) was significantly larger than in the latter group (about 4.2%). At post-training, respiratory exchange ratio and blood lactate concentration during the submaximal exercise test in the HT group were significantly lower than in the NT group. These results indicated that hyperoxic training was more useful for improving the VO_ and might inhibit carbohydrate consumption and promote lipid utilization

スポーツ活動時のエネルギー消費量推定のためのHR-VO_2関係式作成のプロトコールの検討

本研究の目的は, HR-VO_2関係式によってスポーツ活動時のエネルギー消費量を推定する際, 漸増負荷法によって作成した式だけでなく, 漸減負荷法によって作成した式も組み合わせて利用することの有効性を検討することであった。方法は, 負荷の設定以外をできるだけ等しい条件にし, 3種類のプロトコールによって毎分50回転に規定した自転車こぎ運動を行った。このうちの2つはHR-VO_2関係式を作成するためのものであり, 4分間ごとの漸増負荷法 (UP式) と, 4分間ごとの漸減負荷法 (DOWN式) であった。そして残りの1つは, スポーツ活動を想定した負荷の増減が繰り返される運動であり, この時の酸素摂取量をUP式とDOWN式のそれぞれの関係式によって求めるとともに, 算出すべきある時点の心拍数が, 直前の1分間値と比較して, 上昇あるいは同じ場合にはUP式を, 下降した場合にはDOWN式を用いる2つの式を組み合わせた方法 (U-D式) の合計3種類の方法によって推定し, 実測による値との比較を行った。結果は, U-D式が最も実測値に近い値を得ることができた。したがって, 心拍数からスポーツ活動時のエネルギー消費量を推定する場合には, 漸増負荷法と漸減負荷法による2つのHR-VO_2関係式を組み合わせることが, より実測値に近い値を得るのに有効であると考えられる。It is very difficult to estimate the intensity of sports activity by heart rate with a HR-VO_2 relationship because intensity of the sports activity during a game is undulatory. This study aimed at establishing the validity of estimated energy consumption with combined applications of HR-VO_2 relationships under stepwise increased workloads (UP-formula) and stepwise decreased workloads (DOWN-formula). Nine male physical education majors pedaled a bicycle ergometer under undulatory workloads for 16 min. Oxygen uptake was estimated from UP-formula, DOWN-formula and combination usage of UP and DOWN formulas. Results showed that the estimated value with combination usage was nearest to the actually measured value. It was concluded that combination usage is more valid than single use of the UP or DOWN formulas in estimating energy consumption of sports activity

Living with Diversity Vol. I: 8-9 November 2008, University of Ljubljana

oai:ojs.hass.tsukuba.ac.jp:article/1Living with Diversity, volume I, documents the proceedings of the Slovenia-Japan University Cooperation Network Graduate Student Forum Series held at Ljubljana University in 2008. The proceedings comprise the individual research papers as well as detailed reports of the three discussion sessions. While the individual papers discuss issues from each researcher’s specific field of expertise within the federating theme, the three discussion sessions address a wide range of issues and problems concerning identity, society and language from an essentially trans-disciplinary perspective. 『多様性を生きる』第1巻は、2008年にリュブリャナ大学において開催された「スロベニア・日本学生知的交流会議」の報告書です。本報告書は、個々の論文および3つのディスカッション・セッションの詳報を収めています。各論文においては、統一テーマの枠内で、研究者が各自の専門領域から問題を論じているのに対して、3つのディスカッション・セッションにおいては、本質的に領域横断的な視点から、アイデンティティ、社会、言語に関する広範な論点と課題を取り上げています

最大酸素摂取量と身体組成の関係からみた年少者スイマーの特性

Purposes of this study were to investigate how maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) relates to body weight and lean body weight in male swimmers, and to clarify characteristics of prepubertal male swimmers. 17 prepubertal male swimmers with a mean age of 11.3±0.6 years and 19 college male swimmers of 20.4±0.9 years old were measured for lean body weight by underwater-weighing method and VO_2max by flume swimming. They all were well trained swimmers. Correlation between VO_2max and lean body weight for prepubertal swimmers was found to be higher (r=0.898, p<0.001) than for college swimmers (r=0.604, p<0.01). In addition, correlation between VO_2max and body weight for prepubertal swimmers was found to be higher (r=0.825, p<0.001) than for college swimmers (r=0.588, p<0.01). It was also shown that prepubertal swimmers had a significantly smaller VO_2max per 1 kg of lean body weight than college swimmers. Therefore, it was concluded that the respiratory-cardiovascular system of prepubertal male swimmers was not matured or improved enough for VO_2max measurement even when they were well trained for their age

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction: In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis is suspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCC remains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoint are 3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals

高校における部活動内での傷害調査 : 四條畷学園大学リハビリテーション総合研究所の活動報告

四條畷学園大学内にあるリハビリテーション総合研究所ではアスリートサポート相談会(athlete support consultation以下、ASC)を実施している。ASCにおける開設当初の調査が可能であった2005年1月から2014年12月までのASCの利用者の実態について調査・検討を行った。その結果、6月と9月に相談件数が多かった。また、陸上部は下腿と足関節の相談でほぼ過半数を占め、バスケットボール部は足関節が54.1%と多かった。これに対し、水泳部は肩関節が56.1%と多い傾向であった。この結果から、春期を迎える前や長期休業に入る前に、セルフコンディショニングやトレーニングの指導を実施すること、競技特性に合わせたフィジカルチェックを実施する必要性が示唆された。The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual situation of Comprehensive Rehabilitation center in Shijonawate Gakuen University. Subjects were total number of users of the center from January 2005 to December 2014. Survey items are the total number of user number, the number of users per day, belonging club, the affected body part and the medical consultation. Number of the user was greater in June and September. In addition, the affected body parts were closely related with features of the belong club. Therefore, the content of guidance for self-conditioning and training are important before spring and the long-term holiday. The physical examination for each club member will lead to the prevention of injury