Integrative Transkingdom Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Antibiotic Perturbation and Critical Illness

cited By 2Bacterial microbiota play a critical role in mediating local and systemic immunity, and shifts in these microbial communities have been linked to impaired outcomes in critical illness. Emerging data indicate that other intestinal organisms, including bacteriophages, viruses of eukaryotes, fungi, and protozoa, are closely interlinked with the bacterial microbiota and their host, yet their collective role during antibiotic perturbation and critical illness remains to be elucidated. We employed multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) to systematically integrate the bacterial (16S rRNA), fungal (intergenic transcribed spacer 1 rRNA), and viral (virus discovery next generation sequencing) components of the intestinal microbiota of 33 critically ill patients with and without sepsis and 13 healthy volunteers. In addition, we quantified the absolute abundances of bacteria and fungi using 16S and 18S rRNA PCRs and characterized the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, acetate, and propionate using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We observe that a loss of the anaerobic intestinal environment is directly correlated with an overgrowth of aerobic pathobionts and their corresponding bacteriophages as well as an absolute enrichment of opportunistic yeasts capable of causing invasive disease. We also observed a strong depletion of SCFAs in both disease states, which was associated with an increased absolute abundance of fungi with respect to bacteria. Therefore, these findings illustrate the complexity of transkingdom changes following disruption of the intestinal bacterial microbiome. IMPORTANCE While numerous studies have characterized antibiotic-induced disruptions of the bacterial microbiome, few studies describe how these disruptions impact the composition of other kingdoms such as viruses, fungi, and protozoa. To address this knowledge gap, we employed MOFA to systematically integrate viral, fungal, and bacterial sequence data from critically ill patients (with and without sepsis) and healthy volunteers, both prior to and following exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. In doing so, we show that modulation of the bacterial component of the microbiome has implications extending beyond this kingdom alone, enabling the overgrowth of potentially invasive fungi and viruses. While numerous preclinical studies have described similar findings in vitro, we confirm these observations in humans using an integrative analytic approach. These findings underscore the potential value of multi-omics data integration tools in interrogating how different components of the microbiota contribute to disease states. In addition, our findings suggest that there is value in further studying potential adjunctive therapies using anaerobic bacteria or SCFAs to reduce fungal expansion after antibiotic exposure, which could ultimately lead to improved outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU).Peer reviewe

Contribution à l'étude des microphallidae travassos, 1920 (trematoda).

Les auteurs décrivent l'adulte du trematode Floridatrema heardi n. gen, n. sp., parasite de l'intestin d'Oryzomys palustris (Mammifère Rongeur) en Floride (USA). Le nouveau genre se situe parmi les Microphallidae, Maritrematidi, Maritrematinae, Maritrematini ; proche du genre Maritrema Nicoll, il se caractérise par des vitello-gènes en fer à cheval et par l'extension antérieure de deux anses utérines symétriques jusqu'au niveau du pharynx, l'anse utérine antérieure gauche procédant de l'utérus proximal. L'espèce est dépourvue de plateau atrio-acétabulaire épineux et de la musculature concentrique afférente sous-tégumentaire. Le phénomène anato-mique de l'extension antérieure de l'utérus chez les Microphallidés est commenté

Normobaric hyperoxia reduces cardiac index in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the hemodynamic changes in response to normobaric hyperoxia in patients immediately after coronary artery bypass surgery. Design: Observational study. Setting: Single-center university hospital. Participants: Patients immediately after coronary artery bypass surgery. Intervention: Change of fractional inspired oxygen concentration from baseline (<= 0.60) to 1.0 and return to baseline. Measurements and Main Results: Cardiovascular changes were assessed with a lithium dilution technique. Cardiac index decreased from 2.82 to 2.52 L/min/m(2) (10.6%). Heart rate decreased from 85.9 to 82.5 beats/min (4.0%), and the systemic vascular resistance index increased from 1,858 to 2,304 dyne/s/cm(5)/m(2) (24.1%). Stroke index or mean arterial pressure did not change significantly. On reducing the F1O2 from 1.0 to the baseline F1O2, there was significant reversal of the previous changes in heart rate and systemic vascular resistance. Heart rate increased from 82.5 to 84.0 beats/min (1.8%), and the systemic vascular index decreased from 2304 to 1932 dyne/s/cm(5)/m(2) (16.1%). The cardiac output did not return to baseline, and the mean arterial pressure decreased from 69.6 to 64.4 mmHg (7.6%). Conclusions: Exposing patients after coronary artery surgery to hyperoxia induces significant hemodynamic changes

An optimizing problem on permutation groups

SIGLEDEGerman