Positive risk taking: debating the research agenda in the context of adult

The purpose of this paper is to present the case for examining the concept of Positive Risk Taking (PRT) in the context of adult protection. The paper argues there is a need for empirical research to understand the application of and attitudes to PRT to explore whether the concept has moved beyond a principle to make an identifiable difference to service users. By investigating evidence from policy, literature, and professional opinion, this paper presents the ethical tensions for professional practice in adult protection between respecting a service user’s freedom to make choices to enhance their independence whilst preserving safety for service users and society. This is considered in the context of risk in health and social care and the recent changes in society resulting from Covid-19. Inherent tensions are apparent in the evidence in health and social care between attitudes propounding safety first and those arguing for the benefits of risk taking. This indicates not only a need for a paradigm shift in attitudes but also a research agenda that promotes empirical studies of the implications of PRT from service user and professional perspectives. This paper draws attention to the relatively limited research into both professionals' and service user perspectives and experiences of PRT in practice

Precision measurement of the 5 2S1/2 - 4 2D5/2 quadrupole transition isotope shift between 88Sr+ and 86Sr+

We have measured the isotope shift of the narrow quadrupole-allowed 5 2S1/2 - 4 2D5/2 transition in 86Sr+ relative to the most abundant isotope 88Sr+. This was accomplished using high-resolution laser spectroscopy of individual trapped ions, and the measured shift is Delta-nu_meas^(88,86) = 570.281(4) MHz. We have also tested a recently developed and successful method for ab-initio calculation of isotope shifts in alkali-like atomic systems against this measurement, and our initial result of Delta-nu_calc^(88,86) = 457(28) MHz is also presented. To our knowledge, this is the first high precision measurement and calculation of that isotope shift. While the measurement and the calculation are in broad agreement, there is a clear discrepancy between them, and we believe that the specific mass shift was underestimated in our calculation. Our measurement provides a stringent test for further refinements of theoretical isotope shift calculation methods for atomic systems with a single valence electron

Bedrock Geology and Sea-Level History of Fayetteville Quadrangle, Washington County, Arkansas

A digital map depicting the detailed bedrock geology of Fayetteville Quadrangle, Washington County, Arkansas was produced at 1:24,000 scale. This map was developed utilizing state-of-the-art Geographic Information Systems technology and represents the most detailed map of the geology of Fayetteville Quadrangle that has been produced. In addition, the stratigraphy was interpreted to develop a regional sea-level history for the quadrangle. The bedrock geology of Fayetteville Quadrangle consists of sedimentary rocks of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian systems. The Mississippian System is represented by (in ascending order) the Boone, Batesville, Fayetteville, and Pitkin Formations. The Pennsylvanian System is represented by (in ascending order) the Hale, Bloyd, and Atoka Formations. Each of these formations has members that were mapped at 1:24,000 scale, with the exception of the Hindsville Member of the Batesville Formation. Depositional environments represented by Fayetteville Quadrangle strata range from shallow marine to terrestrial and were interpreted to reflect the interplay of tectonics and eustasy during the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Periods. Analysis of the apparent tempo and amplitude of sea-level variations suggests tectonic processes dominated over eustatic processes during these times. Within Fayetteville Quadrangle there are also several geologic structures that deserve further investigation. These structures include faults, fractures, domes, and so-called collapse or subsidence structures

Bedrock Geology of West Fork Quadrangle, Washington County, Arkansas

A digital geologic map of West Fork quadrangle was produced at 1:24,000 scale using the geographic information system (GIS) software Maplnfo. Data regarding stratigraphic relations observed in the field were digitized onto the United States Geological Survey (USGS) digital raster graphic (DRG) of West Fork quadrangle. The geology of West Fork quadrangle consists of sedimentary rocks of the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian systems. The Fayetteville Shale and Pitkin Formation represent the Mississippian system. The Hale, Bloyd, and Atoka Formations represent the Pennsylvanian System. Each of these formations consists of members that were mapped at 1:24,000 scale, and this mapping effort represents the first time stratigraphic members were mapped utilizing digital technologies at this scale in West Fork quadrangle. The Hale Formation consists of the Cane Hill Member and the Prairie Grove Member. The Bloyd Formation consists of the Brentwood Member, the Woolsey Member, the Dye Member, and the Kessler Member. The Atoka Formation in West Fork quadrangle includes the Trace Creek Member at its base. The overlying units of the Atoka Formation occur as unnamed alternating sandstone and shale units. The most prominent geologic structure in West Fork quadrangle is the Fayetteville Fault, which crosses the northwest quarter of the quadrangle. Several additional faults are associated with a fault zone surrounding the Fayetteville Fault. Another prominent normal fault was mapped striking east-west (downthrown to the south) in the southern part of the quadrangle

Propagating EUV disturbances in the solar corona : two-wavelength observations

Quasi-periodic EUV disturbances simultaneously observed in 171 Å and 195 Å TRACE bandpasses propagating outwardly in a fan-like magnetic structure of a coronal active region are analysed. Time series of disturbances observed in the different bandpasses have a relatively high correlation coefficient (up to about 0.7). The correlation has a tendency to decrease with distance along the structure: this is consistent with an interpretation of the disturbances in terms of parallel-propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves. The wavelet analysis does not show a significant difference between waves observed in different bandpasses. Periodic patterns of two distinct periods: 2-3 min and 5-8 min are detected in both bandpasses, existing simultaneously and at the same distance along the loop, suggesting the nonlinear generation of the second harmonics

Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Obesity Susceptibility

The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is often associated with overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle, but clearly other factors also increase the susceptibility of metabolic disease states. Ancestral and direct exposures to environmental toxicants and altered nutrition have been shown to increase susceptibility for obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Environmental insults can reprogram the epigenome of the germline (sperm and eggs), which transmits the susceptibility for disease to future generations through epigenetic transgenerational inheritance. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms for epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity susceptibility. Understanding ancestral environmental insults and epigenetic transgenerational impacts on future generations will be critical to fully understand the etiology of obesity and to develop preventative therapy options.The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past 30 years, and cannot be explained by genetics, diet, and exercise alone.A variety of early life and in utero exposures to environmental insults can change metabolic outcomes through developmental epigenetic reprogramming.Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity has been observed following ancestral exposure to a high-fat diet, malnutrition, and several environmental toxicants.Unique obesity-specific sperm epimutation signatures have been identified in the transgenerational F3 generation of animals ancestrally exposed to environmental toxicants.Numerous genes modified by DNA methylation in a variety of phenotypes and ancestral exposures have been found to be potential novel modulators of adipocyte (fat cell) metabolism and function

Trimaximal neutrino mixing from vacuum alignment in A4 and S4 models

Recent T2K results indicate a sizeable reactor angle theta_13 which would rule out exact tri-bimaximal lepton mixing. We study the vacuum alignment of the Altarelli-Feruglio A4 family symmetry model including additional flavons in the 1' and 1" representations and show that it leads to trimaximal mixing in which the second column of the lepton mixing matrix consists of the column vector (1,1,1)^T/sqrt{3}, with a potentially large reactor angle. In order to limit the reactor angle and control the higher order corrections, we propose a renormalisable S4 model in which the 1' and 1" flavons of A4 are unified into a doublet of S4 which is spontaneously broken to A4 by a flavon which enters the neutrino sector at higher order. We study the vacuum alignment in the S4 model and show that it predicts accurate trimaximal mixing with approximate tri-bimaximal mixing, leading to a new mixing sum rule testable in future neutrino experiments. Both A4 and S4 models preserve form dominance and hence predict zero leptogenesis, up to renormalisation group corrections.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, version to be published in JHE