Energy-water-environment nexus underpinning future desalination sustainability

Energy-water-environment nexus is very important to attain COP21 goal, maintaining environment temperature increase below 2 °C, but unfortunately two third share of CO2 emission has already been used and the remaining will be exhausted by 2050. A number of technological developments in power and desalination sectors improved their efficiencies to save energy and carbon emission but still they are operating at 35% and 10% of their thermodynamic limits. Research in desalination processes contributing to fuel World population for their improved living standard and to reduce specific energy consumption and to protect environment. Recently developed highly efficient nature-inspired membranes (aquaporin & graphene) and trend in thermally driven cycle's hybridization could potentially lower then energy requirement for water purification. This paper presents a state of art review on energy, water and environment interconnection and future energy efficient desalination possibilities to save energy and protect environment

A Layered Architectural Model For Music Education: Malaysian Music On The World Wide Web

To date, no research has yet been published on the subject of web architectures for music. The two-layered web architecture for Malaysian music, designed and developed in this study, can be applied as a model of web architecture for music education, specifically for the introduction of the music of a particular country or region. The model is designed and developed in two phases: the building of the subject architecture, or the content development phase; and the design and development of the application architecture. However, no comprehensive classification method for Malaysian music currently exists. Furthermore, information about all the various types of music in Malaysia is not easily available. The research includes the collection of information about Malaysian music from existing data sources and through field research, undertaken to obtain informatio

From lexical bundles to lexical frames: uncovering the extent of phraseological variation in academic writing

The contextual knowledge of a word is closely related to the knowledge of phraseological sequences as words are often used in the phraseological forms, either continuous or discontinuous. Much has been done to examine the continuous phraseological sequences for various purposes. However, studies on phraseology often overlook the potentially useful discontinuous phraseological sequences that allow for more flexible and productive use of language forms. To bridge the gap in phraseology studies, this study therefore employed a corpus-driven approach to analyse the characteristics of a form of discontinuous phraseological sequence, namely lexical frames in a one-million-word corpus of research articles in International Business Management (IBM). The characteristics of lexical frames were observed in four aspects: the degrees of variability and predictability of lexical frames, the structures as well as the variable slot fillers of lexical frames. The corpus tool, Collocate 1.0 was used to extract three- and four-word lexical bundles while kfNgram was used to extract three- and fourword lexical frames from the lexical bundles. The results revealed that three-word lexical frames are more prevalent in IBM. The degree of variability analysis indicated that there are more fixed lexical frames in the category of three-word lexical frames compared to the four-word category. In terms of the degree of predictability, the category of four-word lexical frames contains more predictable lexical frames than the threeword category. Also, most lexical frames are function word frames and the lexical frames are mostly filled up by content words rather than function words. This study contributes to the understanding of phraseological variation in academic writing

Computer music playback quality: digital audio reproduction versus synthesized sound

The music we hear played back via computer controlled media is generated by one of two technologies: digital audio, which is a waveform reproduction of the original sound source recorded and played back through digital means, and musical instrument digital interface or MIDI, which communicates a set of performance instructions to a synthesiser chip which generates playback in real-time. The ability to distinguish synthesized sound from digital reproductions of original sound sources is tested through a set of listening tests conducted on music technology undergraduate students. Research findings indicate that certain synthesizers and soundcards are able to produce high quality synthesized sound that is perceived to be as good as the original instrument timbres

A corpus-based collocational analysis of noun premodification types in academic writing

This study employs a corpus-based method in analysing the noun and noun premodification in journal articles relevant to the field of International Business Management. Following the frequency-based tradition, the noun and noun premodification are identified and extracted by using the node-and-collocate approach. The corpus is divided into five sub-corpora for the purpose of analysing the noun collocations and noun premodification types in each section and between different sections in the journal articles, namely, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results and Discussion sections. The findings show that general adjective is the most common noun premodifier, followed by noun premodifier in both the Introduction and Literature Review sections, whereas general adjective and noun premodifier are both commonly used as premodifiers for nouns in Methods and Results sections. Besides, the general adjective is the most dominant premodifier in Discussion section. The findings also indicate that ed-participial and ing-participial premodifiers are not commonly used in the relevant journal articles. With regard to the use of noun premodification types between different sections in journal articles, general adjective+noun collocation is more pervasive in Introduction, Literature Review and Discussion sections. On the other hand, noun+noun collocation is more commonly found in Methods and Results sections. Following Hoey’s Lexical Priming, the results show that priming occurs at grammatical level within the discourse. The noun collocations identified are compiled for the possible use in the English for Academic Purposes Course

A web architecture for an information system for Malaysian music

The design and development of a comprehensive web resource on Malaysian music involves the archiving of information from published and unpublished sources, based on a previously developed classification scheme. The data to be presented includes text data, audio samples, music sequences, still images, video data, and animated graphics. The web site architecture comprises two layers - the visible layer, determined by the subject architecture; and the underlying layer, or the application architecture, which is dependant to a certain extent on the visible layer, but does not mirror its structure completely. The development procedure starts with the data preparation, including the organization of the information content to be published, and the selection of specific data formats to be used. Software design issues include: objectives, system components, the subject architecture, and the application architecture. Coding and testing are also carried out. Site performance and access results indicate that the proposed web architecture is suitable for the delivery of information on Malaysian music over the World Wide Web (WWW)

RECA, un modèle d'aide à la décision dans le choix de matériaux constitutifs des réseaux d'assainissement

En vue des divers facteurs pesant sur le choix, développement d'un modèle dont la fonction-objectif est le coût de construction ; optimisation par programmation dynamique d'un système d'équations, prenant le trace et les débits comme données, résoluble sur microordinateur (IBM-PC), en rapport aux réglementations techniques en vigueur. 4 chapitres: - chap. 1 : méthodologie du choix des matériaux constitutifs des réseaux - chap. 2 : étude hydraulique des canalisations - chap. 3 : contrôle de stabilité des tuyaux enterrés - chap. 4 : caractéristiques fonctionnelles du modèle général