Penilaian nano zink oksida keatas campuran asfalt terhadap kerosakan kelembapan

Malaysia mempunyai iklim khatulistiwa yang menerima intensiti hujan yang tinggi sepanjang tahun. Untuk keadaan jalan, turapan asfalt dikenakan dengan beban yang tinggi dan sistem saliran tidak mencukupi untuk musim hujan. Semua faktor yang digabungkan menghasilkan kebarangkalian kerosakan kelembapan yang tinggi [1]. Kerosakan kelembapan adalah salah satu masalah utama bagi turapan berasfalt di mana ianya mempengaruhi jangka hayat disebabkan oleh keadaan lekatan dan lekitan asfalt pengikat [2]. Kehilangan pelekatan merujuk kepada pengurangan keupayaan pelekat pada permukaan agregat dan asfalt. Ini berlaku akibat air dan tekanan dari air yang bertindak pada campuran asfalt. Sementara itu, kehilangan lekitan adalah disebabkan oleh pelembutan atau kemerosotan keupayaan lekitan didalam asfalt pengikat yang tertumpu kepada kelembapan [3]. Pelucutan dan penguraian adalah disebabkan kehilangan ikatan pelekat antara agregat dan asfalt. Sementara itu, kehilangan keupayaan lekitan boleh membawa kepada kelemahan turapan yang mudah terdedah kepada kerosakan pramatang dan kerosakan tekanan pori [4]

Physical and Chemical Properties of Nano Zinc Oxide Modified Asphalt Binder

Recently, nanotechnology has been used in all fields of science, including pavement engineering due to promising and improvement of materials offered. The modification of asphalt binder has evolved gradually, with several types of nanomaterials being employed to modify the asphalt binder. In this study, nano zinc oxide with flake structure was used as a modifier in asphalt binder. The nano modifiers were blended with penetration grade 60/70 asphalt binder at 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. Physical properties of the modified asphalt binders were then examined, including storage stability, penetration, softening point, and viscosity. Meanwhile, the chemical property was determined using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It was discovered that 3% nano zinc oxide produced the best results. Nano zinc oxide was found not to show separation at high temperatures in a storage stability test. The addition of nano zinc oxide to the asphalt binder also reduced the penetration, increased the softening point, and reduced the viscosity. The high penetration index value also indicates that the asphalt binder treated with nano zinc oxide is thermally resistant.   Keywords: Nanotechnology, asphalt binder, nano zinc oxide, physical properties, chemical properties

Physical and Chemical Properties of Nano Zinc Oxide Modified Asphalt Binder

Recently, nanotechnology has been used in all fields of science, including pavement engineering due to promising and improvement of materials offered. The modification of asphalt binder has evolved gradually, with several types of nanomaterials being employed to modify the asphalt binder. In this study, nano zinc oxide with flake structure was used as a modifier in asphalt binder. The nano modifiers were blended with penetration grade 60/70 asphalt binder at 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. Physical properties of the modified asphalt binders were then examined, including storage stability, penetration, softening point, and viscosity. Meanwhile, the chemical property was determined using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It was discovered that 3% nano zinc oxide produced the best results. Nano zinc oxide was found not to show separation at high temperatures in a storage stability test. The addition of nano zinc oxide to the asphalt binder also reduced the penetration, increased the softening point, and reduced the viscosity. The high penetration index value also indicates that the asphalt binder treated with nano zinc oxide is thermally resistant.   Keywords: Nanotechnology, asphalt binder, nano zinc oxide, physical properties, chemical properties

Al-Wasatiyyah in the practice of religious tolerance among the families of new Muslims in sustaining a well-being society

Purpose – The main value in a culture of tolerance is wasatiyyah. The fragility of relationships and misunderstanding between Muslim and non-Muslim communities occurs when attention to values of tolerance which need more attention on moderation was not practiced especially in the life of a new Muslim convert community. Thus, the practice of moderation is one mechanism proposed by the government to ensure a harmonious continuation of life in a religious community can be achieved. For that, a qualitative study design was used to describe the current status of a phenomenon that occurs among new Muslim converts. The purposive sampling method is used to determine the applications of wasatiyyah in new Muslims’ life tolerance at Kota Kinabalu (East Malaysia) and Kuala Terengganu (West Malaysia). Although the study was conducted at two different locations, there is a relationship between religious phenomena that occur in the new Muslims community in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to see the practical concept of moderation in the life of new Muslims and their relation with Muslims and non-Muslims. The results showed that the value of moderation was applied in the aspect of tolerance. The application of Wasatiyyah in practice of tolerance had helped non-Muslims family members to change their attitudes and perception towards Islam. This study suggests the values of wasatiyyah in the life of religious tolerance, need to be nourished especially in multiethnic society when sharing a living places, education and employment for better social development as well as a well-being pluralistic society. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted through descriptive data qualitative methods. Purposive sampling was used which refers to a group that has the characteristics of samples required by researchers (Mohd Najib Abdul Ghafar 2003). This study applies the method of in-depth interview with the selected new Muslims around Kota Kinabalu (representing East Malaysia) and around Kuala Terengganu (representing Peninsular Malaysia / West Malaysia).Thus, data accumulation involves new Muslims(new Converts) from various ethnics (Sabahan and Sarawakian) which comprise Kadazandusun, Murut, Rungus, Sino and Iban. Secondly, those are from the Peninsular Malaysia which includes Chinese and Indian. Whereas in Kuala Terengganu, data accumulation involves new Muslims from various ethnics (Chinese, Indian, Sarawakian and others). The result of the interview is shown through descriptive narratives which display the practice of tolerance in the form of supportive interaction from the non-Muslim families towards the new Muslims in Islamic lifestyle. Findings – The concept of wasatiyyah has nurturing tolerance among Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim as well as fostering harmony among the diverse ethnics in Malaysia. Based on the discussion, it was observed that the concept of wasatiyyah had a great influence on the relationship among Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim, as it had a strong link with the value of akhlaq that have been embedded in the Muslim community. The wasatiyyah is the main element that shapes the relationship, and it is the results of interaction with social norms, for it has bred certain social values that include tolerance, compromise, modesty, respect and cooperation as transpired when they (Muslim and newly Muslim) interact among themselves or with other communities. Furthermore, the main goal for the concept is to maintain peace and built well-being in the society as well as bracing racial ties in Malaysia, especially among Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim. Originality/value – Tolerance is a culture that founded the co-existence of pluralistic society in Malaysia. The culture of tolerance can only be built if ethnic tolerance and religious tolerance is accepted as a common practice – Muslims and non-Muslims alike. The description of wasatiyyah in the practice of religious tolerance among the families of new Muslims is the platform towards the acculturation of tolerance in the societal life from different faith and ethnics. It can be said that the higher the tolerance of ethnic, the higher is the religious tolerance, which is manifested through the application of wasatiyyah between people from different religions. This situation is highlighted in the relations of Muslim, newly Muslim and non-Muslim in Sabah and Terengganu where the culture of tolerance is apparent in the life together. Extensive interaction through encounters, acquaintance and co-existence that shape the friendship, brotherhood and kinship is the best formula in nurturing the culture of tolerance in the pluralistic society of Malaysia. Perhaps, the concept of wasatiyyah may be implemented in the whole aspect of life in the context of Malaysia. It is because the term wasatiyyah has the main sources of Islamic epistemology as well as sustaining the well-being pluralistic society without destroying the differences

New species of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistinae) from Bukit Fraser, Malay Peninsula

Tan, Ming Kai, Kamaruddin, Khairul Nizam (2013): New species of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistinae) from Bukit Fraser, Malay Peninsula. Zootaxa 3721 (3): 258-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3721.3.

A new species of Gryllotalpa mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Gryllotalpinae) from Peninsular Malaysia

Tan, Ming Kai, Kamaruddin, Khairul Nizam (2016): A new species of Gryllotalpa mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Gryllotalpinae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 4066 (5): 552-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.5.

Gryllotalpa fulvipes Saussure 1877

<i>Gryllotalpa fulvipes</i> Saussure, 1877 <p>(Figs. 5–7)</p> <p> <i>Gryllotalpa fulvipes</i> — Saussure, 1877: 35; Chopard, 1968: 452; Tan, 2012a: 57 (redescription); Tan, 2012b: 32; Hollier et al., 2013: 480; Tan & Kamaruddin, 2014: 47 (with acoustic analysis).</p> <p> <i>Curtilla fulvipes</i> — Kirby, 1906: 5.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 3 males: 1 male (FRA.12.79), <b>Peninsular Malaysia</b>, Pahang, on Bukit Fraser, along Genting Road near Police Station, N03.71126, E101.73639, 1227 ± 6 m, calling under burrow, 26 December 2012, 1926 hours (Fig. 5); 1 male (FRA.12.95), on Bukit Fraser, along Mager Road, N03.70873, E101.73895, 1244 ± 6 m, calling under burrow, 27 December 2012, 1922 hours; 1 male (FRA.13.42), on Bukit Fraser, along Ledegham Road, N03.71915, E101.74146, 1284± 4.4 m, calling under burrow, 20 May 2013, 1926 hours.</p> <p> <b>Calling song.</b> On Bukit Fraser, calling occurs for about 30 min from 1900 to about 1930 hours. Calling song is a series of lower thrilling within a shallow burrow. Each thrill is consistently about 1.60 s (thrill rate about 0.62 s -1). Pitch peaks at a frequency of about 2.26 kHz and pulse rate consistent of 71.3 s -1 (Fig. 6).</p> <p>There are also geographical variation. Specimen from lowland forests of Singapore shows some differences with specimens from lower-montane forest of Bukit Fraser (Peninsular Malaysia). In Singapore, calling occurs for about 30 min but earlier between about 1830 to 1900 hours. Calling song is a series of even lower thrilling within a shallow burrow. Each thrill is separated into an initial short thrill followed by a longer one. The short thrill is about 0.14s, the longer thrill is about 0.99 s. Each series is about 1.13 s. Pitch peaks at a slightly lower frequency of about 1.72 kHz and pulse rate consistent of 72.3 s -1 (Fig. 7).</p>Published as part of <i>Tan, Ming Kai & Kamaruddin, Khairul Nizam, 2016, A new species of Gryllotalpa mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Gryllotalpinae) from Peninsular Malaysia, pp. 552-560 in Zootaxa 4066 (5)</i> on page 559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.5.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/261002">http://zenodo.org/record/261002</a&gt

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic notes on two species of bush katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Bukit Fraser, Malay Peninsula

FIGURE 1. Elimaea (Rhaebelimaea) pseudochloris Ingrisch female: habitus (A); abdominal apex in dorsal (B), lateral (C) and ventral (D) views. Scale bars: 5 mm (A, C); 2 mm (B, D).Published as part of <i>Tan, Ming Kai & Kamaruddin, Khairul Nizam, 2013, Taxonomic notes on two species of bush katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Bukit Fraser, Malay Peninsula, pp. 389-394 in Zootaxa 3710 (4)</i> on page 392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10099481">http://zenodo.org/record/10099481</a&gt

Gryllotalpa Latreille 1802

Genus <i>Gryllotalpa</i> Latreille, 1802 <p> <i>Gryllotalpa</i> Latreille, 1802: 275. Type species: <i>Gryllus Acheta gryllotalpa</i> Linnaeus <i>Curtilla</i> Oken, 1815: 445. Type species: <i>Gryllus Acheta gryllotalpa</i> Linnaeus <i>Austrotalpa</i> Mjöberg, 1913. Type species: <i>Austrotalpa pluvialis</i> Mjöberg</p>Published as part of <i>Tan, Ming Kai & Kamaruddin, Khairul Nizam, 2016, A new species of Gryllotalpa mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Gryllotalpinae) from Peninsular Malaysia, pp. 552-560 in Zootaxa 4066 (5)</i> on page 554, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.5.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/261002">http://zenodo.org/record/261002</a&gt