Spectral Modelling on the Characteristics of High Frequency Tail in Shallow Water Wave Spectra at Coastal Puducherry, East Coast of India

About 8 years of measured wave spectra (June 2007–December 2014) off coastal Puducherry located in the east coast of India and bordering the Bay of Bengal were analyzed with an objective to understand the slope of the high frequency tail of the wave spectrum and to determine the occurrence of single peaked, double-peaked and multi-peaked spectra in varying sea states. The temporal and inter-annual variation of the spectral energy density over the years indicates marked variability and the study signifies that wave spectra were multi-peaked from June to October and predominantly double peaked during the rest of the year. Swell and wind sea components have been estimated from the wave spectra by separation frequency method. The analysis shows that swells dominate Puducherry coastal region not only during southwest monsoon (95%), but also during the post-monsoon (100%) and northeast monsoon season. The measured wave spectra were compared with numerical wave model outputs to attain a level of confidence with the buoy data. In addition, analysis on the slope of the high frequency tail of the wave energy spectra shows that its slope varied seasonally in the range of − 1.96 to − 3.27 at the coastal location. Further, the JONSWAP model fitted into measured wave spectra showed high discrepancy between the two, especially in the high frequency tail with Scatter Index ranging between 0.79 and 3.98. The correct slope for the high frequency or even whether a unique slope exists remains elusive for the ocean wave communit

<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">Effect of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> Linn.) and garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> Linn.) on plasma triglyceride content in Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonicum</i>)</span>

88-90<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-IN">Dietary onion and garlic caused an increase in the level of plasma triglyceride which could be due to insulin like activity of dietary alliums and other factors that promote lipogenesisi in growing stages. Changes in the plasma triglyceride level in the control group due to change in age and sex were also noted. The triglyceride level was more in female birds when compared to males of similar age group. The plasma trigelyecride level increased with age in both sex except for the level being similar in the 6 and 9-week old females and 3 and 6-week old male birds. The results suggest that the effects of alliums in growing and adult stages may be different which needs further study.</span