RELAÇÕES TOPOGRÁFICAS DOS SACOS AÉREOS DE CODORNAS (Coturnix coturnix)

A morfologia das aves é pouco relatada, o que dificulta a prática veterinária nestes animais. O seu sistema respiratório é diferenciado pela presença dos sacos aéreos, estrutura de fundamental importância para as aves, porém muito susceptível a doenças. Dessa forma, objetivou-se descrever a anatomia dos sacos aéreos (SA) em codornas em relação às suas relações topográficas. Para tanto, foram dissecadas quinze codornas que tiveram seu trato respiratório injetado com Neoprene látex corado e fixadas em solução de formol a 10%. O SA cervical é ímpar e possui uma porção mediana localizada entre as artérias braquiocefálicas. O SA clavicular também é ímpar e inicia-se próximo às primeiras vértebras torácicas. Os SA torácicos cranial e caudal estão lateralmente ao pulmão e medialmente às costelas. O SA torácico cranial dispõe-se da margem dorso-látero-cranial até a margem ventral do fígado e o SA torácico caudal, do quarto látero-caudal do fígado até o terço cranial do SA abdominal. O SA abdominal vai da base caudal do fígado até a região cloacal. Contudo, os sacos aéreos das codornas estudadas nesta pesquisa seguem um padrão topográfico, formando divertículos entre os órgãos adjacentes. Palavras-chave: aves; Coturnix coturnix; sintopia; sistema respiratório

Terminação nervosa das papilas filiformes, fungiformes e valadas da mucosa dorsal da língua de queixada: observação neurohistológica

The neurohistologic observations were performed using the specimens prepared by Winkelmann and Schmitt silver impregnation method. The tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and sections of 40µm thickness were obtained by Leica Cryostat at -30ºC. The sections of dorsal mucosa of White-lipped peccary tongue showed numerous filliform and fungiform papillae, and two vallate papillae on the caudal part. The epithelial layer revealed queratinized epithelial cells and the connective tissue papillae of different sizes and shapes. Thick nerve fiber bundles are noted into the subepithelial connective tissue of the papillae. The connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papillae contained numerous sensitive nerves fibers bundles forming a complex nerve plexus.As observações neuro-histológicas foram realizadas utilizando amostras preparadas segundo o método de impregnação por prata de Winkelmann e Schmitt. Os tecidos foram fixados em solução de formol a 10% e seções de 40µm de espessura foram obtidas em criostato Leica -30ºC. As seções da mucosa dorsal da língua de queixada revelaram numerosas papilas filiformes, fungiformes e duas papilas valadas sobre a parte caudal. A camada epitelial revelou células epiteliais queratinizadas e papilas de tecido conjuntivo de diferentes tamanhos e formas foram observadas. Espessos feixes de fibras nervosas são notados no tecido conjuntivo subepitelial das papilas. O tecido conjuntivo das papilas fungiformes e valadas contêm numerosos feixes de nervos de fibras sensíveis formando um plexo nervoso complexo

Influência da leucose enzoótica bovina na função fagocítica de leucócitos circulantes em animais manifestando linfocitose persistente

This study evaluated the phagocytosis of propidium iodide-labeled Staphylococcus aureus (PI-Sa) by circulating leukocytes obtained from five Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)-negative cows, five naturally EBL-infected, non-lymphocytotic cows, and five EBL-positive cows with persistent lymphocytosis (PL), analyzed by flow cytometry. Among cells obtained from EBL-infected cows, presenting PL, the percentage of leukocytes carrying out phagocytosis (7.20%), was smaller (p=0.047) than that verified among cells obtained from non-infected (12.90%), and from BLV-infected, non-lymphocytotic cows (14.70%). Furthermore, leukocytes obtained from EBL-infected cows, presenting PL, showed smaller phagocytosis intensity (characterized by the intensity of propidium iodide fluorescence) than leukocytes obtained from non-infected and from EBL-infected, non-lymphocytotic, cows (p<0.001). Therefore, results show a decreased phagocytic function among circulating leukocytes obtained from BLV-infected, lymphocytotic cows.Avaliou-se, por citometria de fluxo, a fagocitose de Staphylococcus aureus conjugados com iodeto de propídio (IP), por leucócitos circulantes obtidos de cinco fêmeas bovinas negativas no sorodiagnóstico para a Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB); de cinco fêmeas infectadas, manifestando linfocitose persistente (LP); e de cinco fêmeas infectadas, porém alinfocitóticas. Observou-se que, entre as amostras dos animais soronegativos, a porcentagem média de células realizando fagocitose (12,90%) não diferiu da observada entre as células dos animais alinfocitóticos (14,70%). Contudo, ambas foram maiores (p=0,047) que aquela verificada entre as células obtidas de animais manifestando LP (7,20%). Além disso, a intensidade média de fagocitose (caracterizada pela intensidade de fluorescência do IP, em valores arbitrários), verificada em leucócitos de animais manifestando LP (17,43) foi menor (p<0,001) que a observada em leucócitos de animais alinfocitóticos (29,50), e que a observada em leucócitos de animais soronegativos (25,18), que não diferiram entre si. Assim, os resultados permitem-nos alvitrar que há alteração na função fagocítica de leucócitos circulantes em animais infectados pelo vírus da LEB, manifestando LP

Análise das dosagens e concentrações séricas da ciclosporina A em cães da raça Golden Retriever normais ou afetados pela distrofia muscular

A distrofia muscular dos cães Golden Retriever (GRMD), uma miopatia degenerativa causada pela ausência da distrofina é geneticamente homóloga à distrofia muscular de Duchenne que acomete humanos, portanto, estes cães são considerados modelos experimentais para estudos em terapia celular. Seu sucesso depende da imunossupressão adequada. A ciclosporina A (CsA) é indicada para tal e a monitorização de suas concentrações sangüíneas e efeitos adversos são essenciais para viabilizar a terapia. Foram estudados cães GRMD, e normais da mesma raça, submetidos a terapia com CsA, associada, nos GRMD, ao transplante de células tronco. Foram avaliados as concentrações sangüíneas do fármaco através de amostras coletadas a cada dois ou três dias e analisadas pelo método do imunoensaio por fluorescência (FPIA). Como resultado observamos que as concentrações de CsA oscilaram muito, em seis dos oito animais. Concluímos que as doses variam individualmente sendo de maior importância avaliar a concentração do fármaco no sangue e sua viabilização no uso da terapia celular.The muscular dystrophy of Golden Retriever (GRMD) is a degenerative miopaty caused by the absence of dystrophy and it is genetically homologue of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, so, these dogs are considerably experimental models for studies on cellular therapy. Their successful depends of the adequate immunosuppression. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is indicated for that and the monitoring of the blood concentration and adverse effects are essential to viabilise the therapy. It was studied GRMD dogs, and normal dogs from the same breed, submitted for therapy with CsA, associated, on GRMD, of cell transplantation. It was evaluated blood concentration of the drug, between two or tree days using the method of FPIA. In our results we found that the CsA blood concentrations oscillated too much on six than eight of our animals. We concluded that the doses varieties individually and the correct dosage as to important as the evaluation of the blood concentration of the drug and became viable for cell therapy

ANÁLISE DA SEGMENTAÇÃO ANATOMO-CIRÚRGICA ARTERIAL DO CÓLON DE COELHOS

The morphology and physiology of body systems is crucial to the applied areas of veterinary medicine. The description of the vessels, nerves and ducts distribution of an organ subdivided into anatomical and surgical segments are necessary for clinical and surgical practices, being relevant for the study of species breeding and experimentation. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of anatomical and surgical arterial segments in the colon of rabbits, because the colon has a great importance in this specie and it is a representative area of nutrient uptake. Therefore, eight adult (male and female) rabbits were injected via the thoracic aorta with colored latex (red pigment) and fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. The dissection was performed from the point of origin of arteries supplying the colon and the branches distribution and their associations were analyzed in the region. Thus, we could observe that the colon receives branches from the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries. Colic branches are metameric and perform anastomoses in all their extension, which complicates the characterization of a standard segmentation. However, the branches of the caudal mesenteric artery, for the final part of the descending colon, showed no apparent anastomoses with other branches

A preliminary investigation into the morphology of oral papillae and denticles of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) with inferences about its functional significance across life stages

Sensory organs in elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, rays) detect and respond to a different set of biotic and/or abiotic stimuli, through sight, smell, taste, hearing, mechanoreception and electroreception. Although gustation is crucial for survival and essential for growth, mobility, and maintenance of neural activity and the proper functioning of the immune system, comparatively little is known about this sensory system in elasmobranchs. Here we present a preliminary investigation into the structural and dimensional characteristics of the oral papillae and denticles found in the oropharyngeal cavity of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) during embryonic development through adulthood. Samples were obtained from the dorsal and ventral surface of the oropharyngeal cavity collected from embryos at different development stages as well as from adults. Our results suggest that development of papillae occurs early in ontogeny, before the formation of the oral denticles. The diameter of oral papillae gradually increases during development, starting from 25 μm in stage I embryos, to 110 μm in stage IV embryos and 272-300 μm in adults. Embryos exhibit papillae at early developmental stages, suggesting that these structures may be important during early in life. The highest density of papillae was observed in the maxillary and mandibular valve regions, possibly related to the ability to identify, capture and process prey. The oral denticles were observed only in the final embryonic stage as well as in adults. Accordingly, we suggest that oral denticles likely aid in ram ventilation (through reducing the hydrodynamic drag), to protect papillae from injury during prey consumption and assist in the retention and consumption of prey (through adhesion), since these processes are only necessary after birth