Bodily injuries and dative experiencers in Old Frisian

This article offers a descriptive account of body part constructions in Old East Frisian texts and analyzes the occurrence of dative experiencers in such clauses. This includes a comparison between Old Frisian body part grammar and its Middle Dutch counterpart, revisiting issues such as the antiquity of dative external possessors and oblique subject constructions in West Germanic. In presenting the data from a theory-neutral perspective, this investigation contributes to the study of body part grammar in Medieval Germanic in particular and to the growing body of literature on Old Frisian syntax in general

Observational Equivalence of Discrete String Models and Market Models

In this paper we show that, contrary to the claim made in Longsta, Santa-Clara, and Schwartz (2001a) and Longsta, Santa-Clara, and Schwartz (2001b), discrete string models are not more parsimonious than market models.In fact, they are found to be observationally equivalent.We derive that, for the estimation of both a K-factor discrete string model and a K-factor Libor market model for N forward rates the number of parameters that needs to be estimated equals NK .K (K .1) /2 and not K (K +1)/2 and NK, respectively.string model;market model

ISFET responses on a stepwise change in electrolyte concentration at constant pH

Responses on a stepwise increase of the electrolyte concentration of bare ISFETs can interfere with responses of an ISFET with an affinity membrane deposited on the gate. In this paper the responses of bare ISFETs are studied. Results of experiments and simulations are presented and the mechanism is explained

Model Risk and Regulatory Capital

capital requirements;(coherent) risk management;option pricing models;derivative pricing models

Testing Expected Shortfall Models for Derivative Positions

In this paper we test several risk management models for computing expected shortfall for one-period hedge errors of hedged derivatives positions.Contrary to value-at-risk, expected shortfall cannot be tested using the standard binomial test, since we need information of the distribution in the tail.As derivatives positions change characteristics and thereby the size of risk exposures over time one cannot apply the standard tests based on stationarity.To overcome this problem, we present a transformation procedure.For comparison purposes the tests are also performed for value-at-risk.testing;models;distribution;risk management;derivatives

Valuation of environmental public goods and services at different spatial scales: a review

To manage environmental problems in an adequate way, it is essential to take different spatial scales into consideration. As a tool for decision making, it would be beneficial if valuation methods take spatial scales into account as well. In this article, we review the valuation literature with regard to the spatial scales of environmental public goods and services to which the contingent valuation method, hedonic pricing method, and travel cost method have been applied in the past. We classified 117 environmental case studies to the local, landscape/watershed, regional, and global scales. These case studies cover a broad range of environmental goods and services, such as green space in a city, air quality, rivers, natural areas, and a stable climate system. Additionally, we took into account the year of publication of the case studies. Our results show that the majority of the environmental case studies are related to the local and landscape/watershed scales. However, the number of case studies on the regional and global scales has been increasing in recent years. This article argues that such a change in spatial scale calls for a debate on scaling issues in the field of environmental valuation.