Calculation of three-dimensional compressible laminar and turbulent boundary flows. Three-dimensional compressible boundary layers of reacting gases over realistic configurations

A three-dimensional boundary-layer code was developed for particular application to realistic hypersonic aircraft. It is very general and can be applied to a wide variety of boundary-layer flows. Laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent flows of compressible, reacting gases are efficiently calculated by use of the code. A body-oriented orthogonal coordinate system is used for the calculation and the user has complete freedom in specifying the coordinate system within the restrictions that one coordinate must be normal to the surface and the three coordinates must be mutually orthogonal

Weak measurement takes a simple form for cumulants

A weak measurement on a system is made by coupling a pointer weakly to the system and then measuring the position of the pointer. If the initial wavefunction for the pointer is real, the mean displacement of the pointer is proportional to the so-called weak value of the observable being measured. This gives an intuitively direct way of understanding weak measurement. However, if the initial pointer wavefunction takes complex values, the relationship between pointer displacement and weak value is not quite so simple, as pointed out recently by R. Jozsa. This is even more striking in the case of sequential weak measurements. These are carried out by coupling several pointers at different stages of evolution of the system, and the relationship between the products of the measured pointer positions and the sequential weak values can become extremely complicated for an arbitrary initial pointer wavefunction. Surprisingly, all this complication vanishes when one calculates the cumulants of pointer positions. These are directly proportional to the cumulants of sequential weak values. This suggests that cumulants have a fundamental physical significance for weak measurement

Free-stream noise and transition measurements on a cone in a Mach 3.5 pilot low-disturbance tunnel

A small scale Mach 3.5 wind tunnel incorporating certain novel design features and intended for boundary-layer-transition research has been tested. The free stream noise intensities and spectral distributions were determined throughout the test section for several values of unit Reynolds number and for nozzle boundary layer bleed on and off. The boundary layer transition location on a slender cone and the response of this to changes in the noise environment were determined. Root mean square free stream noise levels ranged from less than one tenth up to values approaching those for conventional nozzles, with the lowest values prevailing at upstream locations within the nozzle. For low noise conditions, cone transition Reynolds numbers were in the range of those for free flight; whereas for high noise conditions, they were in the range of those in conventional tunnels

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerobic Isolates from Respiratory Samples of Young New Zealand Horses

3rd Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2011, Phoenix, AZ, 17-22 September 2011This paper presents a method of mitigating the transient overshoots of DC-DC converters operating with large load disturbances. The method involves a small auxiliary power circuit with a complementary control scheme that provides a smooth absorption and release of excess energy from and to the main DC-DC converter in the events of large load changes. This control mechanism interactively mitigates the large transient overshoots which would otherwise appear at the converter output. Since the control scheme involves an adjustable-energy-storage feature, the proposed solution is effective for any level of step-load change within a pre-specified range.Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringRefereed conference pape

The microwave radiometer signature of artificially generated sea foam

Microwave radiometer experiments were undertaken to measure the thermal emission from artificially generated sea foam. This data is used to quantify the physics of emission from the ocean to more accurately retrieve geophysical parameters of interest

On Minimum Violations Ranking in Paired Comparisons

Ranking a set of objects from the most dominant one to the least, based on the results of paired comparisons, proves to be useful in many contexts. Using the rankings of teams or individuals players in sports to seed tournaments is an example. The quality of a ranking is often evaluated by the number of violations, cases in which an object is ranked lower than another that it has dominated in a comparison, that it contains. A minimum violations ranking (MVR) method, as its name suggests, searches specifically for rankings that have the minimum possible number of violations which may or may not be zero. In this paper, we present a method based on statistical physics that overcomes conceptual and practical difficulties faced by earlier studies of the problem.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; typos corrected (v2

The High Cost of Reproduction in Sea Otters Necessitates Unique Physiological Adaptations

Resting Superimposed on inherently high basal metabolic demands, the additional energetic requirements of reproduction can push female sea otters beyond physiological limits. Indeed, the resulting energy imbalance contributes to disproportionately high rates of mortality at the end of lactation in this species. To examine and quantify metabolic changes associated with reproduction, we measured the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of a female sea otter across gestation, lactation and non-reproductive periods. Concurrently, measurements were made on a non-breeding control female. Our results suggest that RMR declines during gestation. Conversely, RMR increases during lactation, reaches a peak at 3–4 months postpartum, and remains elevated until weaning. Combining these direct measurements with published data, we found the cost of pup rearing to be significantly higher than previously estimated. High baseline energy demands and limited energy reserves, combined with significant lactation and pup rearing costs, appear to necessitate metabolic and thermal lability during key reproductive stages

On Mean Pose and Variability of 3D Deformable Models

International audienceWe present a novel methodology for the analysis of complex object shapes in motion observed by multiple video cameras. In particular, we propose to learn local surface rigidity probabilities (i.e., deformations), and to estimate a mean pose over a temporal sequence. Local deformations can be used for rigidity-based dynamic surface segmentation, while a mean pose can be used as a sequence keyframe or a cluster prototype and has therefore numerous applications, such as motion synthesis or sequential alignment for compression or morphing. We take advantage of recent advances in surface tracking techniques to formulate a generative model of 3D temporal sequences using a probabilistic framework, which conditions shape fitting over all frames to a simple set of intrinsic surface rigidity properties. Surface tracking and rigidity variable estimation can then be formulated as an Expectation-Maximization inference problem and solved by alternatively minimizing two nested fixed point iterations. We show that this framework provides a new fundamental building block for various applications of shape analysis, and achieves comparable tracking performance to state of the art surface tracking techniques on real datasets, even compared to approaches using strong kinematic priors such as rigid skeletons