Mejoras en la operación del sistema de transmisión regional de energía eléctrica del Departamento del Atlántico utilizando sistemas flexibles de transmisión de corriente alterna (FACTS)

The Modern electrical power systems are formed with many interconnections to ensure economic and safe operation; however, transmission power lines have technical restrictions that limit electricity transportation making them limited in flexibility due to its little or few possibilities to control flower flows. The Flexible Systems of Alternating Current are an alternative that allows a dynamic response in the system allowing the control of power flow. This project describes advances and trends in Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) technologies and their uses in power systems. it evaluates concepts, properties and applications of power transfer capability during the electrical transportation activity. The review section included a bibliometric analysis using Web of Science (WoS) database considering the techniques used for energy transmission and distribution power system. Otherwise, the paper describes a framework of the different technological variants of FACTS that allows to improve the flexibility conditions in steady state, and to compensate loadability constraints in power lines, considering the potential benefits and other technical-operational aspects. This document evaluates the implementation of FACTS in the Regional Transmission System (STR) of the Department of Atlántico, as a strategy to improve the system's power transfer capacity and the response to the increase in demand projected for the coming years.Los Sistemas Eléctricos de Potencia modernos están formados por muchas interconexiones para garantizar un funcionamiento económico y seguro; sin embargo, las líneas de energía de transmisión tienen restricciones técnicas que limitan la transmisión de la electricidad, lo que hace que su flexibilidad sea limitada debido a sus pocas o escasas posibilidades de controlar los flujos de potencia. Los Sistemas Flexibles de Corriente Alterna (FACTS) son una alternativa que permite una respuesta dinámica en el sistema permitiendo el control del flujo de energía. En este proyecto se describen los avances y tendencias de las tecnologías de los FACTS y sus usos en los sistemas de energía. Además, se evalúan conceptos, propiedades y aplicaciones de la capacidad de transferencia de energía durante la actividad de transmisión de electricidad. La sección de revisión incluyó un análisis bibliométrico considerando las técnicas utilizadas para la transmisión de energía y el sistema de distribución de energía eléctrica. Por otra parte, el documento describe un marco de las diferentes variantes tecnológicas de FACTS que permite mejorar las condiciones de flexibilidad en estado estacionario y compensar las limitaciones de capacidad de carga en las líneas eléctricas, considerando los beneficios potenciales y otros aspectos técnico-operativos. Este documento evalúa la implementación de FACTS en el Sistema Regional de Transmisión (STR) del Departamento del Atlántico, como estrategia para mejorar la capacidad de transferencia de potencia del sistema y la respuesta al incremento de la demanda proyectada para los próximos años

Evaluación del consumo de subsistencia asignado al sector residencial de la Región Caribe colombiana

The Colombian government through the Ministry of Mines and Energy has tried to respond to the needs of the vulnerable strata through the delivery of subsidies that can meet their electricity consumption; this is why, through UPME resolution 0355 of 2004, the basic subsistence consumption is granted for socioeconomic strata 1, 2 and 3, which is a minimum amount of electricity that a user can use to meet their basic needs. It is worth mentioning that these basic needs have been changing over time, which is why this research aims to evaluate the subsistence consumption assigned to the residential sector of the department of Atlántico, this research has a qualitative approach taking into account that it is part of the socio-critical paradigm. For the development of this research, instruments were applied in different periods of the year 2020 to make a comparison between consumption, subsistence level and cost of kWh with emphasis on strata 1, 2 and 3 before and during the mandatory preventive isolation. Based on the analysis of the data, it is recommended to review the capacities established for a housing unit, at the same time, it was possible to verify the subsistence consumption assigned by the network operator in the different socioeconomic strata, showing that they do not comply with the provisions of UPME resolution 0355 of 2004, since in some cases this value was lower or higher, even in the same sector and under the same conditions of habitability and socioeconomic stratum.El gobierno colombiano por medio del ministerio de minas y energías ha tratado de responder a las necesidades de los estratos vulnerables a través de la entrega de subsidios que puedan solventar su consumo de energía eléctrica; es por esto, que mediante la resolución UPME 0355 de 2004 se otorga el consumo básico de subsistencia para los estratos socioeconómicos 1, 2 y 3, el cual es una cantidad mínima de electricidad que un usuario puede utilizar para realizar sus necesidades básicas. Cabe mencionar, que estas necesidades básicas han ido variando con el pasar del tiempo, es por esto que esta investigación tiene como objetivo efectuar una evaluación del consumo de subsistencia asignado al sector residencial del departamento del Atlántico, dicha investigación tiene un enfoque de tipo cualitativo teniendo en cuenta que esta se inscribe dentro del paradigma sociocrítico. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se aplicaron instrumentos en periodos diferentes del año 2020 para realizar una comparación entre el consumo, nivel de subsistencia y costo del kWh con énfasis en los estratos 1, 2 y 3 antes y durante el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio. Con base al análisis de los datos, se recomienda realizar una revisión a las capacidades establecidas a una unidad de vivienda, a su vez, se pudo comprobar el consumo de subsistencia asignado por el operador de red en los diferentes estratos socioeconómicos, evidenciando que no cumplen con lo establecido en la resolución UPME 0355 de 2004, ya que, en algunos casos este valor era menor o mayor, incluso en el mismo sector y bajo las mismas condiciones de habitabilidad y estrato socioeconómico. clave

Characterization of the current electric energy needs in subsidized residential users

In this paper it is considered the characterization and behaviour of the residential energy demand of users located in socioeconomic sectors of the Department of Atlántico, also, the participation of communities to declare the typical energy consumption at the residential level. The results are based on direct measurement sources which allows the development of energy efficiency projects, renewable energies that respond to the needs of the communities and seek to encourage the proliferation of renewable energy projects by adequately sizing the installed capacities of the resources, with the possibility of establishing grid connection as well as systems for energy management in residential users

Technical and market evaluation of thermal generation power plants in the Colombia power system

Thermal power plants are the widely conventional generation unit technology used to produce electricity being controllable and dispatchable. The location of thermal power plants depends on the energy availability conditions of the areas and the capacity to fuels access. Their location and geographical distribution define a high level of concentration in areas defined as thermal districts and its location define reliability, security, availability, and flexibility indices to avoid critical scenario or support system from contingencies. However, in many cases the electrical configuration does not correspond to requirements. This paper links the concentration by political distribution in Colombia and the configuration used in the generating substations to guarantee requirements. The Hirschman-Herfindahl index as a market tool is used to evaluate energy concentration facing representative participation in certain departments of Colombia. Results evidenced configurations and concentration in a study case, results and analysis could be used for planner to promote participation, reliability and promote. The paper’s contribution and conclusions are linked to guide planners towards market and technical tool to evaluate installed capacities, avoid market concentration, and reduce risky scenarios

Electric power losses in distribution networks

According to international organizations such as the Energy Information Agency (EIA) and the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB), reducing electricity losses can contribute to achieving the objective of universal access to modern energy sources. The reduction in the levels of losses would also imply a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, as well as a reduction in electricity tariffs for the final consumer. This research seeks to analyze the levels of electrical energy losses in distribution networks in order to propose possible solutions that allow the electrical power system to provide stability in the equipment that is part of the network, leading to a cost analysis in the future within the planning of the country's electrical network