A new role for the ara in guiding our destiny

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37777/1/1780301101_ftp.pd

Assessing Energy Level as a Marker of Aerobic Exercise Readiness: A Pilot Investigation

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 62-75, 2017. Energy ratings have been used as a marker of exercise readiness (i.e. pre-exercise physical/mental state indicating ability to perform) within flexible nonlinear periodization (FNLP)-based resistance training interventions. However, empirical data is lacking regarding the utility of this approach for aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of pre-exercise energy level to predict affective and behavioral responses to prescribed aerobic exercise. Participants consisted of 19 women and 8 men (N=27, age=20±4 years, estimated maximal oxygen uptake=37±6). Participants performed two 30-min bouts of treadmill exercise under an imposed moderate intensity (70-75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate; %HRmax) condition and a self-selected intensity condition. Pre-exercise energy level was assessed using the Energy Index (EI) score derived from the Profile of Mood States. Feeling Scale (FS) was the dependent variable in the imposed bout and average intensity (%HRmax) was the dependent variable during the self-selected bout. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine if EI predicted mean FS and %HRmax. After controlling for potential confounders, EI significantly predicted mean FS (β=.499, p=.037) during imposed exercise. No significant relationship existed between EI and overall intensity (β =-121, p=.554) during self-selected exercise. While EI predicted in-task core affect it was unrelated to self-selected intensity. It is premature to suggest EI as an optimal predictor of exercise readiness in regards to aerobic exercise for aerobically untrained young adults. More research is needed to determine an evidence-based marker of readiness that can be used for aerobic exercise prescribed within the context of FNLP

Assessing Energy Level as a Marker of Aerobic Exercise Readiness: A Pilot Investigation

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 62-75, 2017. Energy ratings have been used as a marker of exercise readiness (i.e. pre-exercise physical/mental state indicating ability to perform) within flexible nonlinear periodization (FNLP)-based resistance training interventions. However, empirical data is lacking regarding the utility of this approach for aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of pre-exercise energy level to predict affective and behavioral responses to prescribed aerobic exercise. Participants consisted of 19 women and 8 men (N=27, age=20±4 years, estimated maximal oxygen uptake=37±6). Participants performed two 30-min bouts of treadmill exercise under an imposed moderate intensity (70-75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate; %HRmax) condition and a self-selected intensity condition. Pre-exercise energy level was assessed using the Energy Index (EI) score derived from the Profile of Mood States. Feeling Scale (FS) was the dependent variable in the imposed bout and average intensity (%HRmax) was the dependent variable during the self-selected bout. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine if EI predicted mean FS and %HRmax. After controlling for potential confounders, EI significantly predicted mean FS (β=.499, p=.037) during imposed exercise. No significant relationship existed between EI and overall intensity (β =-121, p=.554) during self-selected exercise. While EI predicted in-task core affect it was unrelated to self-selected intensity. It is premature to suggest EI as an optimal predictor of exercise readiness in regards to aerobic exercise for aerobically untrained young adults. More research is needed to determine an evidence-based marker of readiness that can be used for aerobic exercise prescribed within the context of FNLP

Analysis of normal and mutant forms of human adenosine deaminase — A review

A deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase is associated with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease in man. The molecular forms of the normal human enzyme have now been well characterized in an effort to better understand the nature of the enzyme defect in affected patients.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45343/1/11010_2004_Article_BF00220303.pd

Control of adenosine deaminase levels in human lymphoblasts

High levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity have been associated with normal T cell differentiation and T cell disease, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, possible mechanisms controlling the level of this enzyme have not been explored. In this study, the properties and rate of turnover of ADA are compared in cultured human T and B lymphoblast cell lines. (1) Relative to B lymphoblasts, the level of ADA activity i extracts of T lymphoblast cell lines (MOLT-4, RPMI-8402. CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSB-2) is elevated 7- to 14-fold and differs by 2-fold among the T-cell lines. (2) In T and B lymphoblasts extracts, the enzyme is apparently identical based on Km for adenosine and deoxyadenosine, Ki for inosine, Vmax for adenosine, S20w, isoelectric pH, and heat stability. Further, by radioimmunoassay the quantity of ADA immunoreactive protein is proportional to the level of enzyme activity in all cell lines studies. (3) Using a purification and selective immunoprecipitation technique,the enzyme turnover could be assessed in cell lines labeled with [35S]methionine. The apparent rate of ADA synthesis, relative to total protein, is 2-fold faster in both T cell lines (RPMI-8402 and CCRF-CEM) than in the B cell lines (MGL-8 and GM-130). The apparent half-life (t1/2) for the enzyme degradation is 19 and 39 hr, respectively, for CCRF-CEM and RPMI-8402, while the t1/2 for both B cell lines is 7-9 hr. From the net rate of synthesis and degradation, the T cell lines exhibit a 6- and 12- fold difference in ADA turnover relative to B cells, consistent with the observed differences in enzyme activity. (4) The level of ADA (activity and/or protein) is cultured T or B lymphoblasts is not influenced by either substrates or products of the ADA reaction or an ADA inhibitor or a selected group of imunosupressive drugs added to these cells in culture.These studies indicate that while ADA is apparently identical in all T and B lymphoblasts, alterations in both the rate of ADA synthesis and degradation lead to its accumulation and high steady-state level in T cells.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24100/1/0000357.pd

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-independent toxicity of azathioprine in human lymphoblasts

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24724/1/0000146.pd

Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase: a single nucleotide substitution in cDNA clones isolated from a patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HPRTMidland)

We have determined the molecular basis for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency in a patient J.H., with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Radioimmunoassay of lysates of erythrocytes or cultured B-lymphoblasts showed that this patient had no detectable HPRT enzyme activity or HPRT protein. HPRT-specific mRNA levels were normal by Northern analysis.We created a cDNA library from mRNA isolated from cultured lymphoblasts derived from this patient. Nucleotide sequencing of full-length HPRT cDNA clones revealed a single nucleotide (nt) substitution: a T-to-A transversion at nt 389. We have designated this variant HPRTMidland. The predicted amino acid (aa) substitution in HPRTMidland is a valine to aspartic acid at aa 130. This substitution is within 2 aa of the amino acid substitution in a previously defined HPRT variant, HPRTAnn Arbor. Both mutations are within a highly conserved sequence in the putative 5-phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate-binding domain. The amino acid substitution in HPRTMidland causes a significant perturbation in the predicted secondary structure of this region. The HPRTMidland mutation affects a different domain of HPRT than the HPRTFlint mutation located at 167 nt away.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27178/1/0000176.pd

Mutagen-induced diploid human lymphoblast variants containing altered hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase

The human lymphoblast line MGL8 was treated with HAT and subsequently “mutagenized” with EMS (200 μg/ml) to give 15% survival, and 6-thioguanine-resistant cells were selected by cloning in soft agarose containing the drug (1 μg/ml). Eighteen sublines of independently derived resistant clones were isolated and studied in detail. One subline had a low residual HGPRT activity of about 1% of the parental cells. The HGPRT of this subline had a higher K m for PRPP, was more sensitive to heat, and was degraded faster by trypsin than the enzyme in extracts of MGL8 cells. This resistant subline and three others contained CRM levels of 1-38%, compared to the wild-type, so they probably represent true structural mutants of the HGPRT gene. All the variants maintained the karyotype of the parental line (46, XY, 6p − ).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45551/1/11188_2005_Article_BF01551810.pd

Impact of Gravel Dredging Operations on Surface Water Quality in Streams in the Upper Cumberland Basin

This is a report to the USEPA, Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, focused on the biologic and morphological impacts of gravel mining in the upper Cumberland basin