Non-nociceptive roles of opioids in the CNS: opioids' effects on neurogenesis, learning, memory and affect.

Mortality due to opioid use has grown to the point where, for the first time in history, opioid-related deaths exceed those caused by car accidents in many states in the United States. Changes in the prescribing of opioids for pain and the illicit use of fentanyl (and derivatives) have contributed to the current epidemic. Less known is the impact of opioids on hippocampal neurogenesis, the functional manipulation of which may improve the deleterious effects of opioid use. We provide new insights into how the dysregulation of neurogenesis by opioids can modify learning and affect, mood and emotions, processes that have been well accepted to motivate addictive behaviours

Policing, planning and sex: Governing bodies, spatially

Literatures on the regulation of conduct have tended to focus on the role of policing and theenforcement of criminal law. This paper instead emphasizes the importance of planning inshaping conduct, using the example of how planning shapes sexual conduct to demonstratethat planning can, in different times and places, exercise police-type powers. We illustrate thisby analysing the regulation of brothels in Sydney and Parramatta, NSW, Australia, providing acase study of spaces of sexuality that historically were constructed and regulated as criminal,but have since become lawful. This paper examines the ways in which these transitions in lawhave been differently expressed and accomplished through local planning enforcement. Inmaking such arguments, the paper emphasizes not only the potential for planners to act likepolice, but also the capacity of planning to supplant policing as a key technique of governmentality