Anaphylaxis in a Newborn Due to Ampicillin

Anaphylaxis, an allergic reaction that is rapid in onset, is rare in the neonatal period due to immaturity of the immunological system. A case of threeday- old male neonate with ampicillin-induced anaphylaxis is reported here. Although drug allergies are rare in newborns, due to their life-threaten features, close monitoring is important

G6PD S218F Mediterranean mutation frequency in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

AMAÇ: Glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PD) enzim eksikliği olan çocuklarda G6PD S218F Akdeniz mutasyonunun görülme sıklığını belirlemek. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Hematolojisi ve Neonatoloji Bilim Dalları'nda 2004-2012 yılları arasında G6PD enzim eksikliği tanısı alan, enzim düzeyi düşük saptanan (<6 U/grHb) ve mutasyon çalışması yapılmış olan hastalar dahil edildi. Enzim düzeyi kantitatif spektrofotometri yöntemi ile, mutasyon analizi lightcycler 1.5 real-time PCR cihazında melting-curve analizi ile yapıldı. BULGULAR: G6PD enzim eksikliği anemisi tanısı konulan 60 hastanın, 29'u yenidoğan sarılığı (YDS), 31'i favizm nedeniyle başvurdu. Hastaların 44'ü erkek (%73,3), 16'sı (%26,7) kız; favizm tanısı konulan olguların 27'si (%87) erkek, 4'ü (%13) kız; yenidoğan sarılığı olgularının 17'si (%58) erkek, 12'si (%41,3) kız idi. Favizm tanısı konulan 31 olgunun 30'unda halsizlik, 28'inde sarılık ve 22'sinde kusma yakınması mevcuttu. Bakla yedikten sonra semptomların görülmesi arasında geçen süre ortalama 6 saat (dağılım, 2-24 saat) idi. Yenidoğan döneminde sarılık ile başvuran olguların üçünde patolojik sarılık, 16'sında uzamış sarılık öyküsü mevcuttu. Dört bebeğe hiperbilirubinemi nedeniyle kan değişimi yapıldı. G6PD eksikliği saptanan 60 olgunun 15'inde (%25) homozigot, 6'sında (%10) heterozigot olmak üzere 21 hastada (%35) G6PD S218F Akdeniz mutasyonu tespit edildi. Mutasyon saptanan olguların 13'ünde (%42) favizm, 8'inde (%27) yenidoğan sarılığı mevcuttu. Homozigot mutasyon saptanan 15 hastanın 1'si (%6,6) kız, 14'ü (%93) erkekti (p<0.001). G6PD S218F heterozigot mutasyonu saptanan 6 hastanın hepsi kızdı. Homozigot mutasyon saptanan olguların 4'ü YDS, 11'i bakla yeme sonrası sarılık; heterozigot mutasyon saptanan olguların ise 4'ü YDS, ikisi bakla yeme sonrası sarılık yakınmasıyla başvurdu.G6PD S218F mutasyon görülme sıklığı açısından favizm ve yenidoğan sarılığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (P=0.130). SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda G6PD S218F Akdeniz mutasyonu sıklığını %35 olarak saptadık. Bu oran ülkemizdeki diğer çalışmalarda belirtilen oranlardan (%53-80) düşüktü. Bu durum bölgesel farklılıklara bağlı olabileceği gibi çalışmalardaki olgu sayılarının ve olgu özelliklerinin farklılığından da kaynaklanabilir. Akdeniz mutasyonu dışındaki diğer mutasyonların DNA dizi analizi ile saptanması bölgemizin özelliklerini daha iyi yansıtacaktır.OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of Mediterranean glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) S218F mutation. MATERIALS and METHODS: Were included G6 PD deficiency cases whose enzyme level <6 with mutation analysis, and diagnosed between 2004-2012 at neonatology and pediatric hematology department in Adnan Menderes University Hospital. G6PD activity was determined by quantitative spectrohotometry and mutations were analyzed with LighCycler 5.1 real-time PCR melting-curve analysis. RESULTS: Totaly 60 patients with the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency anemia admitted to hospital; 29 have neonatal jaundice and 31 have favizm. 44 patients (73.3%) were male, 16(26.7%) were female; favizm cases diagnosed 27(87%) patients were male and 4 (13%) were females. 17 cases of neonatal jaundice(58%) were male and 12(41.3%) were female. In 28 of 31 patients diagnosed with favizm have fatigue, 30 patients have jaundice and 22 have vomiting. The average time between the occurance of symptoms after eating fava is 6 hours (range, 2-24 hours). Three patients who presented with jaundice in neonatal period had pathological jaundice, 16 patients had a history of prolonged jaundice. Exchange transfussion was applicated to 4 patients with hyperbilirubinemia. Totaly in 21 patients (35%) G6PD deficiency has been detected; 15 patients (25%) were homozygous, 6(10%) patient were heterozygous of G6PD Mediterranean S218F mutation was detected. Mutations detected in 13(42%) favizm, 8(27%) patients had neonatal jaundice. 1 of 15 patients with homozygous mutation (6.6%) were female and 14(93%) were male (p<0.001). All 6 patients with G6PD mutation S218F heterozygous were female. 4 of homozygous mutation detected patients had neonatal jaundice, 11 had jaundice after eating beans, 4 of patients with heterozygous mutations had neonatal jaundive, and 2 had jaundice after eating bean. There is nostastistically difference between G6PD S218F mutation incidence of favizm and neonatal jaundice in the newborns (p=0.13) CONCLUSION: We determined the incidence of mutations in G6PD Mediterranean S218F as 35%. This ratio is lower than the other investigations in our country with the ratio of 53-80%. This situation may be due to regional differences in the number of cases and case studies, such as caused by differences in characteristics. DNA sequence analysis of mutations other than the detection of mutations in the mediterrannean region determination better reflect the characteristics of our region

Evaluation the cases of neonatal sepsis and of antibiotic sensitivities in a neonatal intensive care unit

AMAÇ: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde (YYBÜ) sepsis etkenleri ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları zaman içinde ve kullanılan antibiyotiklere bağlı olarak değişir. Neonatal sepsise neden olan bakteriyel mikroorganizmaların ve antibiyotik duyarlılığının saptanması, ampirik antibiyotik tedavi rejimlerinin belirlenmesi ve uygun antibiyotik seçimi açısından önemlidir. GEREÇ veYÖNTEM: Ocak 2004-Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasında Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi YYBÜ'de izlenen 900 yenidoğan içerisinde sepsis tanısı alan 87 olgunun dosyaları incelendi. Kültür pozitif olan 45 olgunun klinik belirti ve bulguları, risk faktörleri, laboratuvar sonuçları, kültürde üreyen etkenler ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Sepsis sıklıgı %9.6 bulundu. Kesin sepsis tanısı alan 45 olguda (%5), 49 kan kültürü üremesi oldu. Bunların %82'si prematüre ve%53'ü erkekti. Erken neonatal sepsiste Koagülaz Negatif Stafilokok (KNS) ve Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), geç neonatal sepsiste ise KNS'den sonra Candida spp. en sık üreyen mikroorganizmalardı. Mortalite oranı %13.3'tü. KNS'ler glikopeptidlere %100 duyarlı bulunurken, penisiline %96, metisiline %90 dirençliydi. S. aureus suslarının tamamı glikopeptidlere, metisiline, eritromisine ve klindamisine duyarlı bulunurken, penisiline direnç oranı %71.4 idi. Enterococcus spp. suslarında test edilen antibiyotiklere direnç saptanmadı. Enterobacter spp. susları 3. kusak sefalosporinlere ve karbapenemlere %100 duyarlı iken ampisilin-sulbaktama %100 dirençliydi. Acinetobacter spp. ve Pseudomonas spp. suslarının tamamı piperasiline dirençliydi. Klebsiella spp suslarının tamamı karbapenemlere, kinolonlara ve aminoglikozidlere duyarlı idi. Serratia spp., Escherichia coli ve Enterococcus spp. suslarında test edilen antibiyotiklere direnç saptanmadı. SONUÇ: Erken neonatal sepsiste Gram pozitif mikroorganizmaların ön plana geçmesi ve bu mikroorganizmalarda yüksek penisilin direnci görülmesi, ampirik antibiyotik uygulamalarının gözden geçirilmesi gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte S. aureus suslarında metisilin direncine rastlanmamıştır. Acinetobacter spp. ve Pseudomonas spp. suslarındaki yüksek piperasilin direnci önceki yıllarda bu antibiyotiğin sık kullanımına bağlandı.PURPOSE: Type and antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens leading sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) change over years. It is important to identify type and antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens leading sepsis for establishment of the local antibiotic policy. MATERIALS and METHODS: 87 cases with sepsis were investigated among 900 newborns followed in “Adnan Menderes University” NICU between January 2004-June 2008. Clinical symptoms and signs, risk factors, laboratory results, positive cultures and antibiotic sensitivity factors were evaluated in 45 cases with positive culture. RESULTS: Sepsis was found to have a 9.6% rate. 45 cases were diagnosed as definite sepsis with 49 positive blood cultures. 53% were males and 82% were premature. Most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in early neonatal sepsis, whereas CNS and the Candida in late neonatal sepsis. Mortality rate was 13.3%. Glycopeptide sensitivity of CNS was 100% , penicilline and meticilline resistance were 96% and 90% respectively. All S. aureus strains were sensitive to methicillin, clindamycine and eritromycine while penicillin resistance rate was 71.4%. No resistance was detected in Enterococcus spp. strains. Enterobacter spp. were 100% sensitive to 3. generation cephalosporins and carbapenems but resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam. Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp were resistant to piperaciline. All Klebsiella spp were sensitive to carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. No resistance was detected for the Serratia spp, Escherichia coli ve Enterococcus spp strains. CONCLUSION: Gram positive microorganisms as the leading etiologic agent in early neonatal sepsis, and their high penicillin resistance necessitated a revision in our ampiric antibiotic practices. However, no meticilline resistance was found in S. aureus species. High piperacilline resistance of Acinetobacter spp and Pseudomonas spp was associated with the recent frequent utilization of this agent

Evaluation of premature newborn with patent ductus arteriosus

Prematüre bebeklerde, önemli soldan sağa şanta neden olan patent duktus arteriozus (PDA), artmış neonatal morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, hastanemiz yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen ve PDA tanısı alan prematüre bebekler özellikle PDA boyutunun prognoza etkisi açısından geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: 2005-2009 yılları arasında Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi'nde toplam 407 prematüre bebek izlendi ve 33 bebekte hemodinamik olarak anlamlı PDA saptandı. PDA tanısı alan bebeklerin demografik verileri, klinik bulguları, tedaviye yanıtları ve gözlenen komplikasyonlar incelendi. BULGULAR: Ortalama gebelik yaşı 30,1±2,8 hafta ve ortalama doğum ağırlığı 1602±553 g idi. Prematüre bebeklerde semptomatik PDA %8,1 sıklıkta saptandı. Olguların %27'sinde PDA spontan kapandı (hepsinde PDA 2,5 mm'nin altındaydı). 24 bebeğe ibuprofen(19 intravenöz, 5 per oral) verildi, 13' ünde (%54) kapanma gözlendi. Cerrahi ligasyon, semptomatik PDA'lı olguların %12'sinde gerekti. PDA <2,5 mm olanlarda ligasyon gerekmedi, PDA ≥2,5 mm olanların %24'üne ligasyon uygulandı. Ligasyon yapılan bir olguda şilotoraks ve bir olguda da lokal enfeksiyon gözlendi. SONUÇ: Bu çalışmada PDA tanısı alan prematüre bebeklerin klinik izlemlerine etki eden faktörler incelenmiştir. PDA çapı <2,5 mm olanlarda prognozun daha iyi olduğu gözlenmiştir.OBJECTIVE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with significant left to right shunt is related to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality in premature babies. In this retrospective study, premature newborns with PDA followed in our unit were evaluated especially with regard to effect of PDA diameter on the outcome. MATERIALS and METHODS: Premature babies (n=407; gestational age <37 weeks) followed in Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine NICU between years 2005-2009 were included in the study. Thirtythree of them with haemodynamically significant (hs) PDA were determined. Demographic data, clinical features, respond to therapy and complications were investigated. RESULTS: Mean gestational age was 30.1±2.8 weeks and mean birth weight was 1602±553 g. Symptomatic PDA incidence among premature babies was 8.1%. Spontaneous closure was observed in 27% of the cases (all had ductus diameter of <2.5 mm). Twenty-four babies were given ibuprofen (19 intravenously, 5 per oral), closure was obtained in 13 cases. Success rate of ibuprofen therapy was 54%. Surgical ligation was needed in 12% of the cases. None of the cases with <2.5 mm PDA required surgery, whereas surgical ligation was performed in 24% of cases with ≥2.5 mm PDA. Local infection in one case and chylothorax in another case were seen as surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Factors affecting the clinical outcome of premature infants suffering from PDA were investigated in this study. Better prognosis was seen when ductus diameter is <2.5 mm

Craniofacial measurements of newborns born in term in aydın and relations with leptin and ıgf-1

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to provide a database for the craniofacial measurements of newborn infants in Aydın, Turkey as well as to investigate the relation between craniofacial measurements and leptin/IGF-1 levels. MATERIALS and METHODS: A total of 152 healthy full-term infants (78 males, 74 females) were taken into study, which 23 male ve 16 female infants were weighting less than 3000 gr. The anthropometric measurements applied included head circumference, head length (g-op), head width (eu-eu), forehead width (ft-ft), head height (v-n), outer canthal distance (ex-ex), intercanthal distance (en-en), palpebral fissure length (en-ex), nasal width (al-al), intercommissural distance (ch-ch), facial height (n-gn), forehead height (n-tr), facial width (zy-zy), ear length (sa-sba). Also, leptin and IGF-1 levels were determined in umblical cord blood. RESULTS: Significant differences between the sexes, were found only in the length of ear and leptin results (p<0.05). In comparison of higher and lower than 3000 gr newborn infants, significant differences were observed in height, weight, head circumference, head length (g-op), head height (vn), head width (eu-eu), face width (ft -ft), face height (n-gn), face width (zy-zy) measurements. In higher than 3000 gr newborn infants, while there were significant differences between the sexes in terms of head width, forehead width, facial width and leptin levels, but there was no difference for IGF-1 levels. Leptin levels were higher in girls in the same group. No parameters were significant between the sexes in lower than 3000 gr newborn infants. A correlation was observed between leptin/IGF-1 levels and craniofacial measurements in higher and lower than 3000 gr groups. CONCLUSION: This study may establish the full-term newborn infants' standard of craniofacial parameters for newborn babies in Aydın, potentially enabling early syndromal diagnosis. We believe that these results could be a valuable data in the future because it shows that leptin and IGF-1 may have an effect on the craniofacial measurements

A 22 q11.2 deletion case with multiorgan failure

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder seen inone out of every 4,000-6000 live births. The effects of the deletion can include a variety of physical findings, such as heart problems, cleft palate, facial dysmorphism, tymic hypoplasia, hypocalcemia, immune deficiency, developmental issues, including learning difficulties. The case was the second born child of 33 year old healthy mother by Caesarian section at 37 weeks of gestation. Birth weight of the baby girlwas 3400 g. She was referred to our unit on her first day due to respiratory distress. She had diffuse edema, cutis marmoratus and low set ears. Her oral orifice was small and the mouth was pulled downward on one side while crying. She was tachypneic, grunting. She had cyanosis, retractions, nasal flaring and hepatomegaly. Femoral pulses were weak. She had hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, abnormal renal function tests. Thymic shadow was absent on chest x-ray. Thrombocytopenia and giant thrombocytes were seen on peripheral blood smear. PTH level was normal. Interrupted aortic arch type-B was detected by echocardiographic examination and prostoglandin infusion was started. 22q11.2 deletion was detected by FISH examination. Interrupted aortic arch cases may be present with metabolic acidosis, edema, hepatomegaly and multiorgan failure during newborn period. 22q11 deletion should be considered in interrupted aortic arch cases with accompanying features such as characteristic facial appearance, thymic aplasia, hypocalcemia, giant thrombocytes and surgical team should be informed