ATTITUDES OF HEALTH WORKERS IN FAMILY HEALTH CENTERS ON THE INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (THE CASE OF MARDIN, TURKEY)

The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and practices of health workers working in Family Health Centers in Mardin regarding the intimate partner violence against women. This study was carried out with doctors, nurses, midwives and health officials working at Family Health Centers in Mardin. The study was conducted with 307 health workers. In this study, socio-demographic questionnaire and Health Care Provider Survey of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Attitudes and Practice were used as a data collection tools. The data was analyzed in the SPSS 20 statistics programme. As a result of the study, it was found that the adequacy level of the attitudes and practices of health workers regarding the intimate partner violence against women was low throughout the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the attitudes and practices of health workers regarding the intimate partner violence against women and occupational, gender, education status, workplace, reporting of violence to the police and the social services (p <0.05). It has been determined that health workers are concerned about their own safety and think about possible legal consequences when questioning the violence against women. As a conclusion health workers should be informed and supported with effective trainings on violence against women

The Relationship of Mental Toughness and Emotional Eating: The Example of a Female Wrestler

Emotional eating is the act of eating to cope with stress and pressure, and it is assumed that this behavior increases as the level of self-control decreases. Several factors, including anxiety about winning and fear of injury, can cause stress in athletes. An athlete’s high mental toughness is closely related to their ability to easily cope with such stress factors. It is still a matter of curiosity how negative psychological factors affect emotional eating in athletes with low mental toughness. This study investigated the relationship between emotional eating and mental toughness in female wrestlers. Emotional Eating Questionnaire and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire were applied to 69 female wrestlers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests. It was found that the participants were low emotional eaters and accepted all of the mental toughness sub-dimensions. There was a significant difference in emotional eating total score and “disinhibition" score according to nationality status (p<0.05). The findings suggested a positive and significant relationship between sub-dimensions of emotional eating and sub-dimensions of mental toughness (p<0.05). It was concluded that national female wrestlers tended to eat more emotionally than non-national athletes and had more difficulty preventing the urge to eat. As female wrestlers’ mental toughness levels increased, they tended to eat emotionally and felt guilty about eating

Histologic and Histomorphometric Assessment of Eggshell-Derived Bone Graft Substitutes on Bone Healing in Rats

Objective: The objective of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the efficacy of the new formulations of eggshell-derived calcium carbonate in rats. Study Design: The study was conducted on 30 adult male rats. Four standardized and circular intra-bony defects were created in the both maxilla and mandibula of each animal. Three different graft materials were prepared as follows: 1) Material A: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with carrageenan gel, 2) Material B: Eggshellderived calcium carbonate combined with xanthan gum gel, and 3) Material C: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate powder. The right mandibular defect sites were grafted with Material A in all animals, and defects on the left were grafted with Material B. Defects on the right side of maxilla were received Material C in all animals, and all left maxillary defects were remained untreated as controls. The animals were sacrificed either postoperatively on the 15th day, postoperatively on the 30th day or postoperatively on the 45th day. Histomorphometric measurements were made of the areas of newly formed bone, necrotic bone, fibrous tissue and residual graft material. Results: Material A exhibited the highest level of osteoid formation followed by Material B and Material C on the 45th day. In terms of osteoid formation, statistically significant differences were observed between graft materials and controls at 45th day compared to 15th and 30th day (p<0.05). Conclusions: Eggshell-derived graft substitutes in both gel and powder forms are biocompatible materials which may have the potential to enhance the new bone formation

The Announcement of Dar al-Harb in Cyber Media in Context of the Theological Policy of Jihad: Reading the Cyber-Jihad and ISIS based on the Pharmakon Characteristic of the Cyber Media

‘Pharmakon’ is a dualist word which means remedy or poison, or neither remedy nor poison, and it was used by Jacques Derrida in the Pharmacy of Plato (La Pharmacie de Platon - 1972) where he made a structural analysis of Plato's dialog with Phaedrus. Some think that it is a remedy; it is beneficial, and it produces and mends. Others think that it is a poison, because it makes you forget, makes you become distant to the truth, and isolates you from reality. This is similar to the character of cyber media, which is considered as both a remedy and a poison, indicating a widely-accepted dilemma between its purposes and conditions when it was first created and the form of usage today. This is related to the fact that cyber media is being discussed once again after the announcement of cyber-jihad by ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), since some believe that radical Islam is a remedy, and others believe that it makes you become distant to the truth and turns a defensive tool into an antagonistic weapon

An experiment on the factors affecting simple reaction timeBasit reaksiyon zamanını etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir deney

Reaction time is considered as an important measure that affects performance of an individual both in business and private life. Especially, reaction time, which can be defined as a period of time being required for giving appropriate responses to the perceived stimuli, is an important factor in terms of efficiency of organization and also health and safety at work. Moreover, reaction time is regarded as an important factor in product design. In this study, an experiment is designed to reveal the factors that affect simple reaction time and the effects of (discrete / continuous) variables such as age, height, weight, gender, sight defects, smoking and alcohol use, regular habits of sports and academic achievement on reaction time of individuals are investigated, and the findings are interpreted. Özet İnsanlarda reaksiyon zamanı hem özel yaşamda hem de iş yaşamında performansı etkileyen önemli bir faktör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle çalışanların algıladıkları etkilere uygun tepkiler verebilmeleri için ihtiyaç duydukları zaman olarak tanımlanan reaksiyon zamanı, örgütün verimliliği açısından olduğu kadar işçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği açısından da önemli bir özelliktir. Ayrıca, reaksiyon zamanının ürün tasarımı için de önemli bir faktör olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada; insanların basit reaksiyon zamanlarını etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymak için bir deney tasarlanmış ve yaş, boy, kilo, cinsiyet, görme kusurları, sigara ve alkol kullanma, düzenli spor yapma ve akademik başarı gibi (kesikli/sürekli) değişkenlerin bireylerin reaksiyon zamanı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmış, bulgular yorumlanmıştır

Valor predictivo de los test preoperatorios para estimar la intubación difícil en pacientes sometidos a la laringoscopia directa para la cirugía de oído, nariz y garganta

ResumenJustificación y objetivosEl valor predictivo de los test preoperatorios para estimar la intubación difícil puede ser diferente en afecciones laríngeas. Se hizo una revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a laringoscopia directa y una investigación del valor predictivo de los exámenes preoperatorios para estimar la intubación difícil.MétodosSelección de historias clínicas de los períodos preoperatorio e intraoperatorio y del sistema informatizado del hospital.ResultadosSe evaluaron 2.611 pacientes. En un 7,4% se detectaron intubaciones difíciles. Las intubaciones difíciles fueron constatadas en pacientes con una puntuación de Mallampati (escala de Mallampati [EM]) clase 4 (50%); clasificación de Cormack-Lehane grado 4 (95,7%); conocimiento previo de la vía aérea difícil (86,2%); restricción de la amplitud de movimientos del cuello (amplitud de movimientos cervical) (75,8%); distancia tiromentoniana corta (81,6%); y masa en las cuerdas vocales (849,5%) (p<0,0001). La EM tuvo una sensibilidad baja, mientras que la amplitud de movimientos cervical, tuvo la presencia de masa en las cuerdas vocales, distancia tiromentoniana corta y EM con un valor predictivo positivo relativamente mayor. La incidencia de intubaciones difíciles se incrementó 6.159 y 1.736 veces en cada nivel de aumento de los grados de la clasificación de Cormack-Lehane y de la clase de la EM, respectivamente. Cuando todos los test fueron considerados en su conjunto, la intubación difícil pudo ser clasificada con exactitud en un 96,3% de los casos.ConclusiónLos resultados de los test que prevén intubaciones difíciles en casos con laringoscopia directa coincidieron claramente con los resultados previstos en la literatura para las poblaciones de pacientes en general. Las diferencias en algunos resultados de los test, cuando se les comparó con los de la población en general, pueden ser debidas a las condiciones patológicas subyacentes de la laringe en las poblaciones de pacientes con intubación difícil.AbstractBackground and objectivesPredictive value of preoperative tests in estimating difficult intubation may differ in the laryngeal pathologies. Patients who had undergone direct laryngoscopy were reviewed, and predictive value of preoperative tests in estimating difficult intubation was investigated.MethodsPreoperative, and intraoperative anesthesia record forms, and computerized system of the hospital were screened.ResultsA total of 2.611 patients were assessed. In 7.4% of the patients, difficult intubations were detected. Difficult intubations were encountered in some of the patients with Mallampati scoring (MS) system class 4 (50%), Cormack–Lehane classification grade 4 (95.7%), previous knowledge of difficult airway (86.2%), restricted neck movements (cervical range of motion) (75.8%), short thyromental distance (81.6%), vocal cord mass (849.5%) as indicated in parentheses (P<.0001). MS had a low sensitivity, while restricted cervical range of motion, presence of a vocal cord mass, short thyromental distance, and MS each had a relatively higher positive predictive value. Incidence of difficult intubations increased 6.159 and 1.736-fold with each level of increase in Cormack–Lehane classification grade and MS class, respectively. When all tests were considered in combination difficult intubation could be classified accurately in 96.3% of the cases.ConclusionTest results predicting difficult intubations in cases with direct laryngoscopy had observedly overlapped with the results provided in the literature for the patient populations in general. Differences in some test results when compared with those of the general population might stem from the concomitant underlying laryngeal pathological conditions in patient populations with difficult intubation

Kurum Bakımında Yetişmiş Kişilerde Damgalanma

Çalışmanın amacı, çocukluk yaşamlarının büyük bir kısmını kurum bakımında geçiren kişilerin bakım süreci ve sonrası dönemde damgalanma deneyimlerini, damganın kendilerini konumlama biçimlerine etkisini ve damganın yarattığı sorunlarla başa çıkma stratejilerini incelemektir. Nitel yöntem ile tasarlanan çalışmada rastlantısal kartopu örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Uzun süreli kurum bakımında kalan 12 kişi ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öne çıkan sonuçlardan biri; boşanma, ebeveyn yokluğu ve yoksulluğu gibi nedenlerle kurum bakımına yerleştirilen çocuk/gençlere yönelik ön yargı, damgalayıcı ve dışlayıcı tutumların varlığıdır. Kurum bakımına yerleştirilen çocukların bu bakım türüne ilişkin hayatlarında yaşadıkları ilk dışlanmışlık deneyimleri, kendilerini biyolojik ailelerinden uzaklaştıran terk edilmişlik duygusudur. Ön yargılı ve damgalayıcı tutumlar, kurum bakım öyküsüne sahip katılımcıların bakım sürecinde ve sonrasında karşı karşıya kaldıkları önemli bir sosyal problemi oluşturmaktadır. Kurumdan ayrıldıktan sonra damgalanıp dışlanmanın en yoğun yaşandığı alan, iş piyasası olmuştur. Katılımcılar kurum dışı hayatlarında dışlanmaktan kaçınmak için kurumda yetişmiş olduklarını gizlemişler ve sosyal iletişimlerini sınırlandırmışlardır. Katılımcılar açısından damgalanıp dışlanma, kurum bakımında yetişen çocuk/gençlerin hatalarının değil toplumun ayırıcı bakış açısının bir yansımasıdır. Kurum bakımına yerleştirilen çocukların kendilik algısının kurum bakım sürecinden nasıl etkilendiğini anlayabilmek açısından boylamsal çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir

A proteomic analysis for profiling NeuroD2 related changes in N2A neuroblastoma cell line

Aim: NeuroD2 transcription factor is a key regulator of neurogenin-NeuroD signaling network and induces neuronal development, differentiation, neurogenesis and calcium de- pendent signaling. NeuroD2 regulates expression of survival and plasticity related proteins in neurons. Surprisingly, inhibition of NeuroD2 causes an increase in apoptotic cell death. Even though previous studies found out important data about NeuroD2 function, molec- ular interactions of NeuroD2 behind all of these impacts remains elusive. For this reason, it was aimed to shed light on the proteome profile of NeuroD2 based changes in the N2A cell line. Materials and Methods: NeuroD2 over-expression and NeuroD2 inhibition groups were constructed via lentiviral vectors. Mouse N2A cell line was transfected with the given vectors and incubated for 6 hours. After incubation samples were prepared for proteomic analyses with Filter Aided Sample Preparation (FASP) protocol and LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out. Results: Under conditions of overexpression and inhibition, detected proteins were fil- tered according to significant cut off values. The filtered proteins were further investigated to exhibit a coherent expression in each situation. Eventually, increased NeuroD2 activity was accompanied by an increase in N-alpha-acetyltransferase 25 (NAA25), and Synapto- brevin homolog (YKT6). On the other hand, when NeuroD2 was suppressed, expression of Cytoplasmic Dynein 1 Light Intermediate Chain 1, Kinesin-Like Protein (KIF-11), Leucine-tRNA Ligase (LARS1), and Ubiquitin-Associated Protein 2 (UBA2) were found to be upregulated with a reverse action. Conclusion: Up-regulations of the proteins Cytoplasmic Dynein 1, KIF11, LARS1, and UBA2 suggested that these proteins might be controlled by inhibition of NeuroD2. In this contex it can be said that, axonal transport, neuronal signaling, and activity of PI3K/AKT pathway can be indirectly regulated by NeuroD2