The concept of matters and plants in Islam: scriptural and philosophical approaches

Bugün pozitivist bakışa dayalı madde ve bitkilerin kavramı etkilidir. İslami klasik görünümler bunların kavramına meydan okuyacak. Bu tez maddeler ve bitkilerin potansiyel fakültelerine odaklanarak onların hakkındaki İslami klasik düşünceyi ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. 7. Yüzyıldan beri İslam düşüncesi insanlara doğanın zengin ilimlerini sunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ana kaynakları Kur’an, Hadis ve iki Müslüman aydınların eserleridir. Ancak madde ve bitki kavramlarının kaynaklarının yaklaşımları arasında küçük farklılıklar vardır, bu nedenle bu araştırma aynı zamanda karşılaştırmalı araştırma yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmada büyük önem vardır. Madde ve bitkilerin kavramı değişmektedir. Bu tez İslami klasik kavramı gösterir ve bize çevre kavramlarına alternatif sunar. Bu insan ve doğa arasında anlamlı ilişki kurmak için yardımcı olacaktır. Buna ek olarak, bu çalışma yavaş yavaş dünyada insanların ilgisini çeken çevre etiğine temel vermektedir. Bu tez metodolojisinde madde ve bitkilerin kavramıyla ilgili Kur’an’ın ayetlerine ve sahih hadislerine dayanarak analiz edecektir ve daha sonra İbn Sina ve Erzurum İbrahim Hakkı’nın eserlerinden onların ruhları kavramlarını sunacaktır.There is today a dominant concept of materials and plants based on the positivistic view. Islamic classical views challenge the current concept of them. This thesis aims at a rediscovery of Islamic classical thought on the concepts of materials and plants with a special focus on their potential faculties. Since the 7th century, Islamic thought has provided humanity with the great knowledge of nature. The main sources of this study rely on the Qur’an, Hadith, and works of two Muslim intellectuals. However, there are small differences between perspectives of these sources, and thus this research also conducts a comparative exploration on the concepts of materials and plants among the above sources. This study has a great significance. The concept of materials and plants are changing. This thesis will show Islamic classical concept of them, and at the end, this will serve to charge our concepts of nature and environment. It will help to establish a meaningful relationship between human beings and nature. In addition, this study gives an important basis for environmental ethics, which is gradually attracting attentions of people all over the world. By the methodology, I analyze the concepts of materials and plants based on concerned verses of the Qur’an and authentic hadith reports and then display concepts of these souls from works of Ibn Sina and Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkkı.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, iii -- ÖZ, iv -- ABSTRACT, v -- INTRODUCTION, 1 -- Islamic Classical Concept of Materials and Plants, 1 -- The Emerging Concern about the Environment, 2 -- Human Beings and Nature in Islam, 3 -- The Souls of Materials and Plants, 6 -- Methodology, 13 -- CHAPTER 1: The Qur’anic Perspective on the Concept of Materials and Plants, 17 -- 1.1 The Qur’an and Muslims, 17 -- 1.2 The General Image of Nature in the Qur’an, 19 -- 1.3 An Approach from Tafsir, 21 -- 1.4 The Concept of Materials, 23 -- 1.5 The Concept of Plants, 28 -- 1.6 Movements of Materials and Plants, 33 -- 1.7 Direct Communications between God and Materials, 34 -- 1.8 Communications between Materials and Plants, 34 -- 1.9 Emotions of Materials and Plants, 36 -- 1.10 Memories of Materials and Plants, 36 -- 1.11 Potential Faculties of Materials and Plants in the Qur’an, 37 -- CHAPTER 2: The Hadith Perspective on the Concept of Materials and Plants, 39 -- 2.1 Hadith and Muslims, 39 -- 2.2 The Research Methodology on Hadith, 41 -- 2.3 The Concept of Materials, 43 -- 2.4 The Concept of Plants, 45 -- 2.5 Movements of Materials and Plants, 52 -- 2.6 Communications of Materials and Plants, 53 -- 2.7 Emotions of Materials and Plants, 55 -- 2.8 Memories of Materials and Plants, 56 -- 2.9 Miracles of Materials and Plants, 57 -- CHAPTER 3: Muslim Intellectual Perspectives on the Souls of Material Objects and Plants, 61 -- 3.1 Muslim Intellectuals, 61 -- 3.2 Ibn Sina, 62 -- 3.2.1 Ibn Sina and Natural Science, 62 -- 3.2.2 The Concept of the Soul and the Souls of Plants, 64 -- 3.2.3 The Powers of Material Objects, 69 -- 3.2.4 The Power (quwah) and the Energy (qudrah), 70 -- 3.2.5 Ibn Sina’s Concept of the Powers of Material Objects and the Souls of Plants, 73 -- 3.3 Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı, 75 -- 3.3.1 Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı and Marifetname, 75 -- 3.3.2 The Souls of Materials, 79 -- 3.3.3 The Souls of Plants, 81 -- 3.3.4 Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı’s Concept of the Souls of Materials and Plants, 85 -- CONCLUSION, 87 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY, 9

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京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第14865号医博第3380号新制||医||977(附属図書館)27287UT51-2009-K661京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 藤田 潤, 教授 野田 亮, 教授 戸井 雅和学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Sub-Zeptomole Detection in a Microfabricated Glass Channel by Thermal-Lens Microscopy.

A thermal-lens microscope which we developed was applied to an ultramicro quantity determination of a dye in an aque-ous solution filling a microchannel (150 µm wide and 100 µm deep) fabricated in a quartz glass substrate. The detection volume, which corresponded to the confocal volume, was estimated to be 1.3 fl. The detection limit of the dye molecules was 160 ymol, and the calibration line showed good linearity in the sub-zmol-to-zmol region. This detection sensitivity is equivalent to that of laser-induced fluorometry. The thermal-lens signal measured in the microchannel was more stable than that measured in a liquid micro space between a slide glass and a cover glass, which was much wider than the microchannel. This may have been due to a suppression of convection in the microchannel. The thermal lens method can be applied to non-fluorescent chemical species, and is thus very suitable detection method for integrated chemistry sys-tems