Intramural pure pigment gall­stones, a case report

A case of intramural pure pigment gallstones, which were fortuitously found in post-mortem examination, is presented. The incidence, mechanism of formation of the stones and roentgenological diagnosis of the intramural gallstones, porcelain gall bladder, are mentioned.</p

A case of left atrial myxoma accompanied by pancytopenia and pathological findings suggestive of pulmonary hypertension

A case of left atrial myxoma accompanied by peculiar symptoms is reported. A 15-year old boy had progressive congestive heart failure and three episodes of acute attacks of panctyopenia. The anemia was accompanied by helmet-shaped, broken red blood cells, erythroid hyperplasia and elevation of indirect bilirubin. The thrombocytopenia gave rise to hemorrhagic tendency of the skin and mucous membrane. The leukocytopenia was seen at the same time. The patient also had general constitutional disturbances showing generalized malaise, persistent fever, elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive C-reactive protein, pulmonary infection and anginal attacks. Postmortem examinations revealed a left atrial myxoma and intricated pulmonary changes. There was obliterative endarteritis of the left coronary branch and pulmonary arteries. The interstitial pulmonary fibrosis was also prominent. The pancytopenia should have been induced by the mechanical damage of circulating blood cells by the left atrial myxoma. The pathological findings of the lungs were highly suggestive of pulmonary hypertension, which was assumed to be due to mitral block caused by the atrial myxoma.</p

Unitarity of Neutral Kaon System

In neutral kaon system, we always use non-hermitian Hamiltonian for convenience of treating decay process, unitarity seems to be lost. If we take decay channels (\pi\pi, \pi\pi\pi, \pi\ell\nu etc.) into account, however, Hamiltonian of the whole system must be hermitian. We attempt to derive an effective Hamiltonian with respect to only K^0, $\bar{K}^0$ states, starting from the hermitian Hamiltonian. For brevity, we take only a \pi\pi state into account as the decay channel in this paper. We can not avoid an oscillation between K^0, $\bar{K}^0$ and \pi\pi states if we start from a hermitian Hamiltonian whose states all have discrete energy levels. We therefore treat the \pi\pi state more appropriately to have a continuous energy spectrum to achieve the decay of K^0, $\bar{K}^0$ into \pi\pi. As the consequence, we find a different time evolution from what we expect in the conventional method immediately after the decay starts, though it recovers Fermi's golden rule for long enough time scale.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX fil

Changes of the endogenous lipoprotein lipase activity during oral glucose tolerance test

Since Hahn's observation of the postalimentary lipemia clearing actIvity following the injection of heparin, physiological, biochemical and clinical significances of the postheparin lipoprotein lipase have been well clarified. The presence of the endogenous lipoprotein lipase in human blood, which was at first doubted, has been repeatedly confirmed2&#8764;8. Recent papers9,10 described elevated endogenous lipoprotein lipase activity in patients with essential hyperlipemia after ample fat uptake. In this preliminary report, changes of the lipoprotein lipase activity during oral glucose tolerance test is illustrated.</p

The concept of matters and plants in Islam: scriptural and philosophical approaches

Bugün pozitivist bakışa dayalı madde ve bitkilerin kavramı etkilidir. İslami klasik görünümler bunların kavramına meydan okuyacak. Bu tez maddeler ve bitkilerin potansiyel fakültelerine odaklanarak onların hakkındaki İslami klasik düşünceyi ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. 7. Yüzyıldan beri İslam düşüncesi insanlara doğanın zengin ilimlerini sunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ana kaynakları Kur’an, Hadis ve iki Müslüman aydınların eserleridir. Ancak madde ve bitki kavramlarının kaynaklarının yaklaşımları arasında küçük farklılıklar vardır, bu nedenle bu araştırma aynı zamanda karşılaştırmalı araştırma yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmada büyük önem vardır. Madde ve bitkilerin kavramı değişmektedir. Bu tez İslami klasik kavramı gösterir ve bize çevre kavramlarına alternatif sunar. Bu insan ve doğa arasında anlamlı ilişki kurmak için yardımcı olacaktır. Buna ek olarak, bu çalışma yavaş yavaş dünyada insanların ilgisini çeken çevre etiğine temel vermektedir. Bu tez metodolojisinde madde ve bitkilerin kavramıyla ilgili Kur’an’ın ayetlerine ve sahih hadislerine dayanarak analiz edecektir ve daha sonra İbn Sina ve Erzurum İbrahim Hakkı’nın eserlerinden onların ruhları kavramlarını sunacaktır.There is today a dominant concept of materials and plants based on the positivistic view. Islamic classical views challenge the current concept of them. This thesis aims at a rediscovery of Islamic classical thought on the concepts of materials and plants with a special focus on their potential faculties. Since the 7th century, Islamic thought has provided humanity with the great knowledge of nature. The main sources of this study rely on the Qur’an, Hadith, and works of two Muslim intellectuals. However, there are small differences between perspectives of these sources, and thus this research also conducts a comparative exploration on the concepts of materials and plants among the above sources. This study has a great significance. The concept of materials and plants are changing. This thesis will show Islamic classical concept of them, and at the end, this will serve to charge our concepts of nature and environment. It will help to establish a meaningful relationship between human beings and nature. In addition, this study gives an important basis for environmental ethics, which is gradually attracting attentions of people all over the world. By the methodology, I analyze the concepts of materials and plants based on concerned verses of the Qur’an and authentic hadith reports and then display concepts of these souls from works of Ibn Sina and Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkkı.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, iii -- ÖZ, iv -- ABSTRACT, v -- INTRODUCTION, 1 -- Islamic Classical Concept of Materials and Plants, 1 -- The Emerging Concern about the Environment, 2 -- Human Beings and Nature in Islam, 3 -- The Souls of Materials and Plants, 6 -- Methodology, 13 -- CHAPTER 1: The Qur’anic Perspective on the Concept of Materials and Plants, 17 -- 1.1 The Qur’an and Muslims, 17 -- 1.2 The General Image of Nature in the Qur’an, 19 -- 1.3 An Approach from Tafsir, 21 -- 1.4 The Concept of Materials, 23 -- 1.5 The Concept of Plants, 28 -- 1.6 Movements of Materials and Plants, 33 -- 1.7 Direct Communications between God and Materials, 34 -- 1.8 Communications between Materials and Plants, 34 -- 1.9 Emotions of Materials and Plants, 36 -- 1.10 Memories of Materials and Plants, 36 -- 1.11 Potential Faculties of Materials and Plants in the Qur’an, 37 -- CHAPTER 2: The Hadith Perspective on the Concept of Materials and Plants, 39 -- 2.1 Hadith and Muslims, 39 -- 2.2 The Research Methodology on Hadith, 41 -- 2.3 The Concept of Materials, 43 -- 2.4 The Concept of Plants, 45 -- 2.5 Movements of Materials and Plants, 52 -- 2.6 Communications of Materials and Plants, 53 -- 2.7 Emotions of Materials and Plants, 55 -- 2.8 Memories of Materials and Plants, 56 -- 2.9 Miracles of Materials and Plants, 57 -- CHAPTER 3: Muslim Intellectual Perspectives on the Souls of Material Objects and Plants, 61 -- 3.1 Muslim Intellectuals, 61 -- 3.2 Ibn Sina, 62 -- 3.2.1 Ibn Sina and Natural Science, 62 -- 3.2.2 The Concept of the Soul and the Souls of Plants, 64 -- 3.2.3 The Powers of Material Objects, 69 -- 3.2.4 The Power (quwah) and the Energy (qudrah), 70 -- 3.2.5 Ibn Sina’s Concept of the Powers of Material Objects and the Souls of Plants, 73 -- 3.3 Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı, 75 -- 3.3.1 Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı and Marifetname, 75 -- 3.3.2 The Souls of Materials, 79 -- 3.3.3 The Souls of Plants, 81 -- 3.3.4 Erzurumlu Ibrahim Hakkı’s Concept of the Souls of Materials and Plants, 85 -- CONCLUSION, 87 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY, 9

Photonic millimeter-wave frequency multiplication based on cascaded four-wave mixing and polarization pulling

This paper was published in OPTICS LETTERS and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.005055. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law[EN] A technique for the frequency multiplication of microwave signals based on the combination of two optical nonlinear phenomena in a single nonlinear fiber is investigated. Multiple four-wave mixing is used to generate harmonics on an externally modulated optical carrier while polarization pulling through stimulated Brillouin scattering is used to filter the desired harmonics. Microwave signals in the 60 GHz region are generated showing harmonic frequency multiplication factors of up to 25 with a suppression of undesired harmonics better than 20 dB. © 2012 Optical Society of America.This research was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad through TEC2009-08078 and TEC2012-35797 projects.Vidal Rodriguez, B. (2012). Photonic millimeter-wave frequency multiplication based on cascaded four-wave mixing and polarization pulling. Optics Letters. 37(24):25478-25488. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.005055S25478254883724Kawanishi, T., Oikawa, S., Yoshiara, K., Sakamoto, T., Shinada, S., & Izutsu, M. (2005). Low noise photonic Millimeter-wave generation using an integrated reciprocating optical Modulator. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17(3), 669-671. doi:10.1109/lpt.2004.842377Li, W., & Yao, J. (2010). Investigation of Photonically Assisted Microwave Frequency Multiplication Based on External Modulation. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 58(11), 3259-3268. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.2075671Vidal, B., Huggard, P. G., Ellison, B. N., & Gomes, N. J. (2010). Optoelectronic generation of W-band millimetre-wave signals using Brillouin amplification. Electronics Letters, 46(21), 1449. doi:10.1049/el.2010.2310Wiberg, A., Perez-Millan, P., Andres, M. V., & Hedekvist, P. O. (2006). Microwave-photonic frequency multiplication utilizing optical four-wave mixing and fiber Bragg gratings. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(1), 329-334. doi:10.1109/jlt.2005.860164Wang, Q., Rideout, H., Zeng, F., & Yao, J. (2006). Millimeter-Wave Frequency Tripling Based on Four-Wave Mixing in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 18(23), 2460-2462. doi:10.1109/lpt.2006.886826Li, Y., Naderi, N. A., Kovanis, V., & Lester, L. F. (2010). Enhancing the 3-dB Bandwidth via the Gain-Lever Effect in Quantum-Dot Lasers. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2(3), 321-329. doi:10.1109/jphot.2010.2046481McKinstrie, C. J., & Raymer, M. G. (2006). Four-wave-mixing cascades near the zero-dispersion frequency. Optics Express, 14(21), 9600. doi:10.1364/oe.14.009600Cerqueira Sodre, A., Chavez Boggio, J. M., Rieznik, A. A., Hernandez-Figueroa, H. E., Fragnito, H. L., & Knight, J. C. (2008). Highly efficient generation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing products. Optics Express, 16(4), 2816. doi:10.1364/oe.16.002816Wise, A., Tur, M., & Zadok, A. (2011). Sharp tunable optical filters based on the polarization attributes of stimulated Brillouin scattering. Optics Express, 19(22), 21945. doi:10.1364/oe.19.021945Hansryd, J., Andrekson, P. A., Westlund, M., Jie Li, & Hedekvist, P.-O. (2002). Fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers and their applications. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 8(3), 506-520. doi:10.1109/jstqe.2002.101635