Seasonal Variations in Soil Temperature on the Alpine Tundra Community in Mt. Changbai in Northeast China : Comparison with Mt. Tateyama in Central Japan

We examined the synchronization of soil temperatures on an alpine tundra community between Mt. Changbai in northeastern China, and Mt. Tateyama in central Japan. The soil temperatures were measured at one-hour intervals for a total of 7526 recordings at both study sites, where a glacial relict plant Dryas octopetala var. asiatica was predominant. The hourly mean soil temperatures had high synchronization between the two mountains (r2= 0.87). After comparing soil temperatures by dividing the climate into two seasons, we found that synchronization of temperatures between the two mountains was higher in winter (r2= 0.75) than in summer (r2= 0.44). The Arctic Oscillation index, which is related to atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, was significantly correlated with air temperature near each study site in the coldest month. Despite the difference in geographical location, a high similarity of seasonal variations in soil temperature in winter suggests that the thermal condition on the two mountains is controlled by the same air masses from higher latitudes. Keywords: Alpine tundra, Arctic Oscillation, Circumpolar plants, Glacial relict, Temperature innovation activities have a high potential to maintainable growth, this strategy alone is inadequate; entrepreneurship that involves a riskier style of management is required. Third, innovation alone carried out by venture enterprises in Japan can not contribute directly to employment creation. Rather, by combining innovation activities with market-in characteristics, enterprises are more likely to realize a surplus quickly, then achieve maintainable growth, thus indirectly contributing to employment creation

Areal distribution of water-insoluble particles in snow covers of the central mountainous area, Japan

The vertical snow samples collected from 6 locations (Iou-zen: 800m A.M.S.L; the nearest site from the Sea of Japan, Kongoudou-zan: 1300m, Nishi-Hodaka-Dake: 2200m; the Northern Japan Alps, Hachimori-yama: 2100m, Kiriga-mine: 2000m, Yatsuga-take: 2200m; the most inlying site) in the central mountainous area, Japan, during early spring season 2004, were analyzed for size-separated concentrations of water-insoluble particles in snow layers to investigation of long-range transportation of chemical substances from the Asian continent to high mountainous areas in Japan. Most of particles are less than 30 μm in diameter, the greater part of particles observed at the 6 locations were considered to be transported from the Asian continent sources as Asian dust (KOSA). The variation patterns of the vertical profiles of particle concentrations in snow layers were corresponding among each location. The concentrations of particles with less than 30 μm was gradually increased with increasing distance from the Sea of Japan to the Japan Alps, although, sharply-decreased at 3 sites located the monsoon-leeward of the Japan Alps, suggesting that the particles transported with monsoon were gradually removed from air and deposited in snow cover when the air parcel pass through the Japan Alps

A comparison of fine-scale species richness and climatic condition in alpine tundra communities between Mt. Changbai, China, and Mt. Tateyama, Japan

We compared the species richness of vascular plants in the alpine tundra community of Mt. Changbai in northeastern China and Mt. Tateyama in central Japan. The fine-scale species-area relationships in an area ranging from 0.0625 m2 to 1.25 m2 were investigated, and the number of species per given space and the increas-ing rate of species richness with area were compared between the two mountains. Dominant species were two deciduous shrubs（Vaccinium uliginosum var. alpinum and Rhododendron redowskianum）on Mt. Changbai and two evergreen shrubs（Diapensia lapponica var. obovata and Arcterica nana）on Mt. Tateyama. The coverage and frequencies were greater on Mt. Changbai than on Mt. Tateyama. The number of species per m2 was greater and the increasing rate of species richness was slightly higher on Mt. Tateyama than on Mt. Changbai. We discussed the reasons from the view of dominant deciduous shrubs on Mt. Changbai

Physical properties of the Dome Fuji deep ice core (review)

Recent results of physical analyses of the Dome Fuji ice core are summarized with special attention to new methods introduced in the present studies. Microphysical processes which affect the ice core records are reviewed to better understand the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental signals stored

Chemical characteristics of snow cover at Murododaira, Mt. Tateyama

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回極域気水圏シンポジウム 11月30日（金） 国立国語研究所 ２階ロビ