КЛЕТОЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИШЕМИИ НИЖНИХ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ (ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ)

Critical limb ischemia is a syndrome that combines several peripheral artery diseases with different ethiology and pathogenesis but with similar prognosis, high morbidity and mortality. Possibility of surgical and conservative treatment of critical limb ischemia almost completely exhausted. Some hopes have arisen due to progress in cell technology. The article provides a critical analysis of pathogenic prerequisites of stem/progenitor cells for the treatment of patients with a critical limb ischemia in detail the basic results of preclinical and clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of cell technology. Unsolved problems and prospects of practical application are also discussed.Критическая ишемия нижних конечностей — синдром ряда различных по этиологии и патогенезу заболеваний периферических артерий. Критическая ишемия нижних конечностей характеризуется неблагоприятным прогнозом, высоким уровнем инвалидизации и смертности. Возможности хирургической и консервативной терапии критической ишемии нижних конечностей практически полностью исчерпаны. Определенные надежды возникли в связи с достижениями в области клеточных технологий. В статье представлен критический анализ патогенетических предпосылок применения стволовых/прогениторных клеток для лечения пациентов с критической ишемией нижних конечностей, подробно рассмотрены основные результаты доклинических и клинических исследований безопасности и эффективности клеточных технологий, перспективы их практического внедрения в клиническую практику, а также сформулированы нерешенные вопросы.

On two problems in extension theory

AbstractIn this note we introduce the concept of a quasi-finite complex. Next, we show that for a given countable simplicial complex L the following conditions are equivalent:•L is quasi-finite.•There exists a [L]-invertible mapping of a metrizable compactum X with e-dimX⩽[L] onto the Hilbert cube.Finally, we construct an example of a quasi-finite complex L such that its extension type [L] does not contain a finitely dominated complex

Immunodetection of Two Curtoviruses Infecting Sugar Beet

Beet leafhopper-transmitted curly top virus is a serious problem in many different crops in the semiarid western U.S., including sugar beet, tomatoes and beans. Curly top is caused by a genetically diverse complex of phloem-limited curtoviruses. Due to the phloem restriction of curtoviruses and the lack of a convenient laboratory host-vector system for curly top virus propagation and purification, no commercial immunodetection tests are available for curtoviruses. Routine diagnostics for curly top relies either on visual symptoms or PCR tests. Lack of an ELISA test system is one of the factors hampering development and screening of the curly top resistant germplasm in, for instance, sugar beet and bean breeding programs. To fill in this gap, we developed an ELISA based detection system for curtoviruses which utilizes virus-specific antibodies generated against bacterially-expressed CP of Beet mild curly top virus. Bacterially-expressed CP was affinity purified and used as an antigen for antibody production in two animal species. Specificity of the resulting antisera was tested in Western blots and various triple-antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA formats with sugar beet, bean and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. We demonstrate reliable detection of two curtoviruses in different crops in TAS-ELISA format, suitable for large-scale screening of germplasm in breeding programs

Immunodetection of Two Curtoviruses Infecting Sugar Beet

Beet leafhopper-transmitted curly top virus is a serious problem in many different crops in the semiarid western U.S., including sugar beet, tomatoes and beans. Curly top is caused by a genetically diverse complex of phloem-limited curtoviruses. Due to the phloem restriction of curtoviruses and the lack of a convenient laboratory host-vector system for curly top virus propagation and purification, no commercial immunodetection tests are available for curtoviruses. Routine diagnostics for curly top relies either on visual symptoms or PCR tests. Lack of an ELISA test system is one of the factors hampering development and screening of the curly top resistant germplasm in, for instance, sugar beet and bean breeding programs. To fill in this gap, we developed an ELISA based detection system for curtoviruses which utilizes virus-specific antibodies generated against bacterially-expressed CP of Beet mild curly top virus. Bacterially-expressed CP was affinity purified and used as an antigen for antibody production in two animal species. Specificity of the resulting antisera was tested in Western blots and various triple-antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA formats with sugar beet, bean and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. We demonstrate reliable detection of two curtoviruses in different crops in TAS-ELISA format, suitable for large-scale screening of germplasm in breeding programs

Sequence characteristics of PVY recombinants

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most economically important plant pathogens. The PVY genome has a high degree of genetic variability and is also subject to recombination. New recombinants have been reported in many countries since the 1980s, but the origin of these recombinant strains and the physical and evolutionary mechanisms driving their emergence are not clear at the moment. The replicase-mediated template-switching model is considered the most likely mechanism for forming new RNA virus recombinants. Two factors, RNA secondary structure (especially stem-loop structures) and AU-rich regions, have been reported to affect recombination in this model. In this study, we investigated the influence of these two factors on PVY recombination from two perspectives: their distribution along the whole genome and differences between regions flanking the recombination junctions (RJs). Based on their distributions, only a few identified RJs in PVY genomes were located in lower negative FORS-D, i.e. having greater secondary-structure potential and higher AU-content regions, but most RJs had more negative FORS-D values upstream and/or higher AU content downstream. Our whole-genome analyses showed that RNA secondary structures and/or AU-rich regions at some sites may have affected PVY recombination, but in general they were not the main forces driving PVY recombination

On [L]-homotopy groups

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Serological properties of ordinary and necrotic isolates of Potato virus Y: a case study of PVYN misidentification

In the course of a multi-year survey of Potato virus Y (PVY) incidence and diversity in the U.S. seed potato crop, an unusual PVY variant was identified in low but significant levels in multiple states. This variant, PVYO-O5, was initially detected by a commercially available PVYN-specific monoclonal antibody, 1F5. This antibody is widely used by U.S. Seed Certification programs to test for PVYN and is one of two antibodies designated by the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) for pre-shipment testing of tuber lots that are to be transported between countries. Consequently, PVYN positives identified by the 1F5 antibody have triggered quarantine actions, prevented cross-border shipments and impacted trade. Here, we demonstrate by a variety of methods that the PVYO-O5 is a variant within the ordinary PVY strain (PVYO). Specifically, the PVYO-O5 variant likely arose due to a single amino acid substitution within the capsid protein. This variant does not induce vein necrosis in tobacco or tuber necrosis in susceptible varieties of potato. Furthermore, it is identified by RT-PCR based diagnostics as PVYO and it has a typical PVYO genome sequence. We demonstrate that another PVYN specific monoclonal antibody, SASA-N, recognizes an epitope distinct from that recognized by 1F5, and correctly identifies the PVYO-O5 variants as belonging to the PVYO serotype. Since the PVYO-O5 variant is present in many seed producing states and misidentification of PVYO-O5 as PVYN/NTN has clear quarantine implications for export shipments of potato, the limitations of the commercially available monoclonal antibodies should be considered in any certification or phytosanitary testing progra