Design of generalized fractional order gradient descent method

This paper focuses on the convergence problem of the emerging fractional order gradient descent method, and proposes three solutions to overcome the problem. In fact, the general fractional gradient method cannot converge to the real extreme point of the target function, which critically hampers the application of this method. Because of the long memory characteristics of fractional derivative, fixed memory principle is a prior choice. Apart from the truncation of memory length, two new methods are developed to reach the convergence. The one is the truncation of the infinite series, and the other is the modification of the constant fractional order. Finally, six illustrative examples are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of proposed methods.Comment: 8 pages, 16 figure

Analysis of Chemical Constituents Changing in Physical Process and Nutritional Components of Malus halliana

This study aimed to establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the changing of quercitrin, 3-hydroxyphloridzin, and phloridzin in physical process of M. halliana tea. Meanwhile, the nutritional compositions were determined, using anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry and direct titration determination of total sugar and reducing sugar, respectively, in order to provide theoretical basis for quality control and tea production. The results showed that the regression equations for quercitrin, 3-hydroxyphloridzin, and phloridzin were linear in the range of 0.0972–12.15 μg (r=0.999 8), 0.0932~11.65 μg (r=0.999 1), and 0.9~112.5 μg (r=0.999 6), respectively. The average recoveries ranged from 98.19% to 99.35%. The contents of crude protein and the crude fat were measured by spectrophotometric detection and soxhlet extraction detection, respectively. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, the fat, and protein were 6.8 g/100 g, 8.5 mg/100 g, 2.399 g/100 g, and 4.362 g/100 g, respectively, in M. halliana tea

PKD1 Phosphorylation-Dependent Degradation of SNAIL by SCF-FBXO11 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis

SummaryMetastatic dissemination is often initiated by the reactivation of an embryonic development program referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The transcription factor SNAIL promotes EMT and elicits associated pathological characteristics such as invasion, metastasis, and stemness. To better understand the posttranslational regulation of SNAIL, we performed a luciferase-based, genome-wide E3 ligase siRNA library screen and identified SCF-FBXO11 as an important E3 that targets SNAIL for ubiquitylation and degradation. Furthermore, we discovered that SNAIL degradation by FBXO11 is dependent on Ser-11 phosphorylation of SNAIL by protein kinase D1 (PKD1). FBXO11 blocks SNAIL-induced EMT, tumor initiation, and metastasis in multiple breast cancer models. These findings establish the PKD1-FBXO11-SNAIL axis as a mechanism of posttranslational regulation of EMT and cancer metastasis

A duplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detecting H5N1 avian influenza virus and pandemic H1N1 influenza virus

A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was improved for simultaneous detection of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus and pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus, which is suitable for early diagnosis of influenza-like patients and for epidemiological surveillance. The sensitivity of this duplex real-time RT-PCR assay was 0.02 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) for H5N1 and 0.2 TCID50 for the pandemic H1N1, which was the same as that of each single-target RT-PCR for pandemic H1N1 and even more sensitive for H5N1 with the same primers and probes. No cross reactivity of detecting other subtype influenza viruses or respiratory tract viruses was observed. Two hundred and thirty-six clinical specimens were tested by comparing with single real-time RT-PCR and result from the duplex assay was 100% consistent with the results of single real-time RT-PCR and sequence analysis

Superovulation and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in young rabbit females

[EN] To optimise the use of juvenile in vitro embryo transfer technologies in young rabbit females, superovulation was performed in New Zealand White young rabbit females at different ages and the expression mode of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was explored using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro maturation (IVM) together with fertilisation (IVF) was conducted immediately after superovulation. The results showed that (1) the age factor significantly affected superovulation in young rabbit females, with 60 d as an optimal age; (2) the mRNA level of FSHR exhibited a rising trend, though it was lower at 30 to 40 d of age; (3) the maturation rate of the oocytes from 60 d old rabbits was significantly higher than in those from 50 d old rabbits; (4) the fertilisation rate of oocytes was not significantly different among rabbits 50, 60 and 70 d old.This work was supported by funding from the Key Natural Science programme of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (13KJA230001) and the Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD 2011-137).Zhang, H.; Cheng, GH.; Li, YJ.; Cai, MY.; Guo, HY.; Qin, KL. (2017). Superovulation and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in young rabbit females. World Rabbit Science. 25(2):167-172. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.4485SWORD16717225

Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution of NaBH4_4 Hydrolysis by Cobalt Nanoparticles Supported on Bagasse-Derived Porous Carbon

As a promising hydrogen storage material, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) exhibits superior stability in alkaline solutions and delivers 10.8 wt.% theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. Nevertheless, its hydrolysis reaction at room temperature must be activated and accelerated by adding an effective catalyst. In this study, we synthesize Co nanoparticles supported on bagasse-derived porous carbon (Co@xPC) for catalytic hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NaBH$_4$. According to the experimental results, Co nanoparticles with uniform particle size and high dispersion are successfully supported on porous carbon to achieve a Co@150PC catalyst. It exhibits particularly high activity of hydrogen generation with the optimal hydrogen production rate of 11086.4 mL$_{H2}$∙min$^{H2}$∙g$_{Co}$$^{H2}$ and low activation energy (E$_{a}$) of 31.25 kJ mol$^{H2}$. The calculation results based on density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the Co@xPC structure is conducive to the dissociation of [BH$_{4}$]$^{-}$, which effectively enhances the hydrolysis efficiency of NaBH$_4$. Moreover, Co@150PC presents an excellent durability, retaining 72.0% of the initial catalyst activity after 15 cycling tests. Moreover, we also explored the degradation mechanism of catalyst performance

The Image Quality and Radiation Dose of 100-kVp versus 120-kVp ECG-Gated 16-Slice CT Coronary Angiography

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of performing 100-kVp electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated coronary CT angiography, as compared to 120-kVp ECG-gated coronary CT angiography. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated one hundred eighty five gencler- and body mass index-matched 16-slice coronary CT sets of data, which were obtained using either 100 kVp and 620 effective mAs or 120 kVp and 500 effective mAs. The density measurements (image noise, vessel density, signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] and contrast-to-noise ratio [CNR]) and the estimated radiation dose were calculated. As a preference test, two image readers were independently asked to choose one image from each pair of images. The results of both protocols were compared using the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 100-kVp images showed significantly more noise and a significantly higher vessel density than did the 120-kVp images. There were no significant differences in the SNR and CNR. The estimated reduction of the radiation dose for the 100-kVp protocol was 24%; 7.8 +/- 0.4 mSV for 1 00-kVp and 10.1 +/- 1.0 mSV for 120-kVp (p < 0.001). The readers preferred the 1 00-kVp images for reading (reader 1, p = 0.01; reader 2, p = 0.06), with their preferences being stronger when the subject`s body mass index was less than 25. Conclusion: Reducing the tube kilovoltage from 120 to 100 kVp allows a significant reduction of the radiation dose without a significant change in the SNR and the CNR.Stolzmann P, 2008, RADIOLOGY, V249, P71, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2483072032Earls JP, 2008, RADIOLOGY, V246, P742, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2463070989Stolzmann P, 2008, EUR RADIOL, V18, P592, DOI 10.1007/s00330-007-0786-8Schoenhagen P, 2008, EUR HEART J, V29, P153, DOI 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm614Heyer CM, 2007, RADIOLOGY, V245, P577, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2452061919Paul JF, 2007, EUR RADIOL, V17, P2028, DOI 10.1007/s00330-007-0584-3McCollough CH, 2007, RADIOLOGY, V243, P775, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2433061165Schueller-Weidekamm C, 2006, RADIOLOGY, V241, P899, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2413040128Hsieh J, 2006, MED PHYS, V33, P4236, DOI 10.1118/1.2361078d`Agostino AG, 2006, EUR RADIOL, V16, P2137, DOI 10.1007/s00330-006-0218-1Hohl C, 2006, EUR RADIOL, V16, P1841, DOI 10.1007/s00330-005-0124-yJohnson TRC, 2006, EUR RADIOL, V16, P1409, DOI 10.1007/s00330-006-0298-yAbada HT, 2006, AM J ROENTGENOL, V186, pS387, DOI 10.2214/AJR.05.0216Hausleiter J, 2006, CIRCULATION, V113, P1305, DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.602490NAKAYAMA Y, 2006, AM J ROENTGENOL, V187, pW490Ghersin E, 2006, AM J ROENTGENOL, V186, P177, DOI 10.2214/AJR.04.1232Haberl R, 2005, AM HEART J, V149, P1112, DOI 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.02.048Wintersperger B, 2005, EUR RADIOL, V15, P334, DOI 10.1007/s00330-004-2575-ySigal-Cinqualbre AB, 2004, RADIOLOGY, V231, P169, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2311030191Kalra MK, 2004, RADIOLOGY, V230, P619, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2303021726Jung B, 2003, EUR RADIOL, V13, P2560, DOI 10.1007/s00330-003-2111-5Jakobs TF, 2002, EUR RADIOL, V12, P1081, DOI 10.1007/s00330-001-1278-xHuda W, 2000, RADIOLOGY, V217, P430Kalender WA, 1999, EUR RADIOL, V9, P3231