Suppressive effects of Mimosa pudica (L.) constituents on the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators

The present study deals with the isolation of fourteen compounds from the active ethyl acetate (MPE) extract of M. pudica (L.) whole plant and their subsequent evaluation for the nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) inhibitory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells. Among the tested compounds, L-mimosine (12; IC50= 19.23 to 21.15 μM), crocetin (4; IC50= 23.45 to 25.57 μM), crocin (14; IC50= 27.16 to 31.53 μM) and jasmonic acid (11; IC50= 21.32 to 29.42 μM) were identified as potent NO inhibitor when tested on the macrophages. Similarly, towards TNF-α and IL-1β inhibition, including these four compounds, and ethyl gallate (3), gallic acid (10) and caffeic acid (7) were found to be more active with half maximal concentration, 17.32 to 62.32 μM whereas the other compounds depicted moderate and mild effects (IC50= 59.32 to 95.01 μM). Also, at a dose of 40 mg/Kg, L-mimosine (12), jasmonic acid (11), crocin (14) and its de-esterified form, crocetin (4) were found to significantly (p < 0.05 and 0.001) reduce 60.7 %, 48.9 %, 48.4 % and 43.6 % respectively of TNF-α production in female Sprague Dawley rats. However, in case of IL-1β, with the same dose (40 mg/Kg), jasmonic acid (11) exhibited significant reduction with 54.2 % followed by crocin (14) (50.2 %) and crocetin (4) (39.8 %) while L-mimosine (12) was found to reduce only 16.3 %. Based on the results, it can be estimated that these compounds imparting greatly to anti-inflammatory effects of M. pudica in vitro as well as in vivo through reduction of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators which affirm the ethno-pharmacological use of this plant for prevention of inflammatory-related disorders

A Numerical Simulation Approach for Investigation of the Pressure Coefficient on the Main Building at the Hill’s Top Under the Interference.

The majority of the time, existing codes and standards are used to predict wind loads on structures. The criteria of these standards are based on a wind tunnel test that was done on a single building. On the other hand, buildings rarely stand alone. Wind loads on the principal building are increased or decreased as a result of interference effects caused by interfering buildings. A numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 is used in this research to investigate the impact on wind pressure on main building under the interference condition on the hill's top. The external average pressure coefficient on main building on hill’s top are determined in the presence of interfering building with varying height ratios of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25, and spacing to width ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 on 3-D hill. The pressure coefficient decreases as the height of the interfering building rises, showing an increase in the shielding effects of the structure in the vicinity. Nevertheless, when the height of the interfering building is 0.5 of the height of the main building, it is found that the shielding effect has a significant impact on the main building. Because of its placement at the top of the hill, found a significant difference in the pressure coefficient on the rear face of the main building

Recent Developments in Selected Sesquiterpenes: Molecular Rearrangements, Biosynthesis, and Structural Relationship among Congeners

Recent developments in selected sesquiterpenoids are reviewed for the past one decade (2005–2017) with special reference to Mechanisms of multistep molecular rearrangements of some sesquiterpenes or derivatives based on isotopic labeling studies and extensive spectroscopic analysis such as molecular rearrangement of acetyl cedrene to cedrene follower, acid catalyzed rearrangement of moreliane-based triketone, synthesis of (−)-isocomene and (−)-triquinane by acid-catalyzed rearrangement of (−)-modhephene, Total synthesis of (+)-cymbodiacetal, BF3 catalyzed molecular rearrangements of mono epoxides of α- and β-himachalenes, santonic acid: Zn-HCl-ether reduction. Insights into biosynthesis of albaflavenone, caryol-1(11)-ene-10-ol, (+)-koraiol, pogostol, patchouli alcohol and valerenadiene are discussed. Congeners for probing structure-biosynthetic relationship. This approach is discussed with the availability of very interesting results on the isolation of highly oxygenated secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi, Xylaria sp

A Numerical Simulation Approach for Investigation of the Pressure Coefficient on the Main Building at the Hill’s Top Under the Interference.

The majority of the time, existing codes and standards are used to predict wind loads on structures. The criteria of these standards are based on a wind tunnel test that was done on a single building. On the other hand, buildings rarely stand alone. Wind loads on the principal building are increased or decreased as a result of interference effects caused by interfering buildings. A numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 is used in this research to investigate the impact on wind pressure on main building under the interference condition on the hill's top. The external average pressure coefficient on main building on hill’s top are determined in the presence of interfering building with varying height ratios of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25, and spacing to width ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 on 3-D hill. The pressure coefficient decreases as the height of the interfering building rises, showing an increase in the shielding effects of the structure in the vicinity. Nevertheless, when the height of the interfering building is 0.5 of the height of the main building, it is found that the shielding effect has a significant impact on the main building. Because of its placement at the top of the hill, found a significant difference in the pressure coefficient on the rear face of the main building