The Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Airway Inflammation in CF and CF related Diabetes

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is often accompanied by diabetes leading to worsening lung function, the reason for which is unclear. The receptor for advanced-glycation-end-products (RAGE) regulates immune responses and inflammation and has been linked to diabetes and possibly CF. We performed a pilot study to determine if CF and CF-related diabetes (CFRD) are associated with enhanced RAGE expression. Full length (fl)RAGE, soluble (s)RAGE, endogenous soluble (es)RAGE, S100A12 (enRAGE) and advanced-glycation-end-products (AGE) expression was assessed in serum, white blood cells and sputum of patients with CF; diabetes; CFRD and healthy subjects. Sputum enRAGE/sRAGE ratios were high in CF but particularly in CFRD which negatively correlated with % predicted FEV1. Serum AGE and AGE/sRAGE ratios were high in diabetics but not in CF. A complex, multifaceted approach was used to assess the role of RAGE and its ligands which is fundamental to determining their impact on airway inflammation. There is a clear association between RAGE activity in the airways of CF and CFRD patients that is not evident in the vascular compartment and correlates with lung function, in contrast to diabetes. This strongly suggests a role for RAGE in contributing to the inflammatory overdrive seen in CF and to a greater extent in CFRD

The pathogenesis of Charcot neuroarthropathy: current concepts

The pathogenesis of Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) has been poorly understood by clinicians and scientists alike. Current researchers have made progress toward understanding the cause of CN and possible treatment options. The authors review the current literature on the pathogenesis of this debilitating disorder and attempt to explain the roles of inflammation, bone metabolism, and advanced glycation end products

Are Bone and Muscle Changes from POWER PE, an 8-month In-school Jumping Intervention, Maintained at Three Years?

Our aim was to determine if the musculoskeletal benefits of a twice-weekly, school-based, jumping regime in healthy adolescent boys and girls were maintained three years later. Subjects of the original POWER PE trial (n = 99) were contacted and asked to undergo retesting three years after cessation of the intervention. All original measures were completed including: sitting height, standing height, weight, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), whole body, hip and spine bone mineral content (BMC), lean tissue mass, and fat mass. Physical activity was recorded with the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) and calcium intake was estimated with a calcium-focussed food questionnaire. Maturity was determined by Tanner staging and estimation of the age of peak height velocity (PHV). Twenty-nine adolescents aged 17.3±0.4 years agreed to participate. Three years after the intervention, there were no differences in subject characteristics between control and intervention groups (p>0.05). Three-year change in weight, lean mass, and fat mass were similar between groups (p>0.05). There were no significant group differences in three-year change in BUA or BMC at any site (p>0.05), although the between-group difference in femoral neck BMC at follow-up exceeded the least significant change. While significant group differences were not observed three years after cessation of the intervention, changes in bone parameters occurred in parallel for intervention and control groups such that the original benefits of the intervention observed within the treatment group were sustained

EFFECT OF PASSIVE VS. ACTIVE RECOVERY STRATEGIES ON HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL EXERCISE

J.K. Lindsey, K.B. Bower, P.A. Haglund, H.J. Penner, A.L. Stuart, K.A.Witzke, FACSM Oregon State University - Cascades, Bend, OR Whole body high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to be effective for fitness development and management of cardiovascular risk factors. While research has been done on the optimal work-to-rest ratio during high-intensity training, there is little research on the optimal body position for rest periods. PURPOSE: To determine differences in heart rate and power output during whole-body HIIT exercise using different inter-set recovery strategies. METHODS: This study was approved by the OSU IRB. Participants with at least six months of regular participation in whole-body HIIT (n=10, 2 males, 8 females; age: 35.4+6.8 y, range 28- 51 y; height: 171.2+9.3 cm; weight: 70.6+11.6 kg), participated in two identical workouts on separate days, only differing in the rest strategy used between sets. The workout consisted of four sets of ten front squats at 70% of 1-RM, immediately followed by a two- minute maximal effort row. Each row session was followed by a two-minute rest interval using a passive (supine) strategy one day and an active (walking) rest strategy the other day. Dependent measures included post-row heart rate (bpm), rowing power (watts), total row distance (meters), and post-rest heart rate (bpm) averaged across the four sets. Paired t-tests were used to determine differences in dependent measures between the two workouts for each subject, at the pRESULTS:There were no significant differences between passive and active recovery strategies for rowing power (189.0+33.4 W vs. 186.3+32.7 W), distance per interval (502+28 m vs. 502+29 m), or post-row HR (169+10 bpm vs. 174+9 bpm; p\u3e0.05) respectively. There was, however, difference in post-rest HR (114+14 bpm vs. 136+17 bpm; pCONCLUSION:Passive recovery enhances cardiovascular recovery but does not appear to affect performance. It is possible that the better heart rate recovery provided by passive recovery may provide a psychological benefit or performance advantages during longer workouts or those with shorter rest intervals. A larger sample would provide more statistical power to detect a difference if it exists. Future research should test the effects of passive and active recovery on HIIT workout sessions lasting longer than 30 minutes, or with rest shorter than two minutes

ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

M. Cartwright Warde, K.H., Ho, E. Matt, N. Mock, J. Luz, K.A. Witzke, FACSM Oregon State University-Cascades, Bend OR Whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as an effective, alternative approach to moderate intensity exercise. Vibration causes instability throughout the body which stimulates stabilization muscles to contract, thus increasing energy expenditure (EE). PURPOSE: To evaluate EE while standing and while exercising on a WBV platform. METHODS: Fourteen healthy subjects (6 male/8 female) consented to participate in this IRB-approved study (18-29y; 71.8 + 8.6 kg; 169.0 + 7.6 cm). Participants completed four conditions in four-minute stages on the WBV platform separated by four minutes of rest. Condition 1: standing, no vibration; Condition 2: standing, with vibration; Condition 3: standing, wearing a vest loaded with 20% body weight, with vibration; Condition 4: wearing a vest loaded at 20% body weight while performing half-squats (15 squats in 30 sec, 30 sec rest), with vibration. Shoes were worn at all times. Oxygen consumption was measured using a wireless, wearable metabolic system which measured breath-by-breath VO2 . EE (kcal/min) was averaged for the last minute of each condition and rest period and analyzed for differences over time using a one-way ANOVA with repeated measures at p0.05), with the exception of the values between Conditions 2 and 3 (