Transcriptomic Approaches for Studying Quorum Sensing in Vibrio cholerae

Transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has now become the standard approach to determine the transcriptional output of an organism. Various modifications to this technology have been developed over the years, usually aiming to improve the annotation of transcript borders, or to identify novel classes of RNAs, such as small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) and antisense transcripts. RNA-seq has also led to the identification of dozens of new sRNAs in the major human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Several of these sRNAs function in the context of a cell-to-cell communication process, called quorum sensing (QS). QS is key for pathogenicity and biofilm formation of V. cholerae and the sRNAs involved typically act by base pairing with multiple target mRNAs to control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this chapter, we describe the use of RNA-seq technologies for the discovery and characterization of regulatory RNAs in V. cholerae and discuss their relevance to QS and collective functions, such as biofilm formation. We further outline possible methods for the identification and validation of sRNA target genes, which can provide crucial information as to the physiological roles of an sRNA

Analisis Upah Kerja Lembur pada PT. Arum Raya

 ABSTRACT          This research aims to determine the calculation of overtime pay for employees of PT. Arum Raya in January 2019 and the formulation of the problem in this study  is whether the calculation of overtime wages applied by PT. Arum Raya is lower than the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia No. Kep. 102 / MEN / VI / 2004 and Decree of the Governor of East Kalimantan Province Number 561 / K.594 / 2018.          The theory used in this research is cost accounting. The analysis tool used in this study is a comparative method, which compare the results of overtime wage calculations based on the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration RI No. Kep. 102 / MEN / VI / 2004 and Decree of the Governor of East Kalimantan Province Number 561 / K.594 / 2018 with calculations based on PT. Arum Raya.          The results  showed that PT. Arum Raya in apply overtime wages has lower than the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration Decree No. RI. Kep. 102 / MEN / VI / 2004 and Decree of the Governor of East Kalimantan Province Number 561 / K.594 / 2018.          The conclusion of this study is the overtime pay applied by PT. Arum Raya is lower than the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of RI No. Kep. 102 / MEN / VI / 2004 and Decree of the Governor of East Kalimantan Province Number 561 / K.594 / 2018, so the researcher's hypothesis is accepted.

ANALISIS RASIO LIKUIDITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS PADA PT. RESOURCE ALAM INDONESIA TBK PERIODE TAHUN 2016 – 2018

PT. Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri pertambangan batu bara karena lebih memfokuskan dalam industri batu bara. Tujuan dari penilitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keuangan peerusahaan yang ditinjau dari rasio likuiditas dan profitabilitas pada perusahaan PT. Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk periode 2016-2018.Dasar teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah manajemen keuangan khususnya Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas.Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah current ratio, quick ratio, net profit margin dan return on asset.Hasil penilaian kinerja keuangan perusahaan PT. Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk ditinjau dari rasio Likuiditas Current Ratio selama periode 2016-2017 menurun, dikarenakan aktiva lancar meningkat dan hutang lancar meningkat, periode 2017-2018 menurun, dikarenakan aktiva lancar menurun dan hutang lancar meningkat. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan PT. Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk ditinjau dari rasio Likuiditas Quick Ratio selama periode 2016-2017 meningkat tanpa memperhitungkan nilai persediaan dikarenakan aktiva lancar meningkat dan hutang lancar meningkat. Kinerja keuangan periode 2017-2018 meningkat tanpa memperhitungkan nilai persediaan dikarenakan aktiva lancar menurun dan hutang lancar meningkat. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan PT. Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk ditinjau dari rasio Profitabilitas Net Profit Margin selama periode 2016-2017 meningkat, dikarenakan laba bersih meningkat namun penjualan menurun. Kinerja keuangan periode 2017-2018 menurun, dikarenakan laba bersih dan penjualan menurun. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan PT. Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk ditinjau dari rasio Profitabilitas Return On Assets selama periode 2016-2017 meningkat, dikarenakan total asset dan laba bersih meningkat. Kinerja keuangan periode 2016-2017 meningkat, dikarenakan total asset meningkat dan laba bersih menurun

AUDIT MANAJEMEN UNTUK MENILAI EFEKTIVITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PADA PT. ALISHA KARUNIA PERDANA (Studi Empiris Pada PT. Alisha Karunia Perdana)

The study is purposed to asses the effectiveness of human resources (HR) functions and to provide advice on the findings of weakness of PT. Alisha Karunia Perdana. The investigated human resources activities include: human resources planning, recrutmen, selection and placement, training and employee development, career planning and development, performance appraisal, and safety and health. And to determine the policies, analyze the optimization of human resources program that has set, evaluate the campany’s activities, evaluate the weaknesses, and provide recommendations on the weaknesses found.This study is a descriptive-qualitative research. The data collection method consists of documentation, observation, and interview. The data analysis method is qualitative approach to describe the assessment of HR function’s effectiveness based on the result of the comparison among condition, criteria, cause, and impact. Based on the research results it is known that the HR function activities, which has not been effective are: human resources planning, selection and placement, training and employee development, career planning and development, performance appraisal, and safety and health.Based on the weaknesses of HR function activities, suggestions are provided as inputs to management in improving and developing the effectiveness of human resource function

EXTRACTION, PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BROMELAIN ENZYME FROM PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS)

Pineapples as a fruit have effective juice and a vibrant tropical flavour that balances the tastes of sweet and tart. Bromelain is a multiple mixture of substances that can be extracted from the stem and core fruit of the pineapple. Acetone fractional precipitation of bromelain from pineapple peel its characterization after the recovery process was studied completely. The natural source Pineapples have been initially screened and used to produce Bromelain, a protease enzyme. Extract of bromelain was homogenized by processing pineapple’s peel and pulp using pre-cooled buffer at specific pH for screening process. Acetone fractional precipitation studies were performed under refrigerating condition. Bromelain was characterized before and after precipitation to determine its optimal pH, temperature and buffer. Results showed that bromelain was precipitated successfully in the 65% acetone fraction and yielded over than 85-90 % of enzyme recovery. Bromelain enzyme was finally characterized with molecular weight of 66kilodaltons. These results showed that bromelain recovery with acetone fractional precipitation is a viable and easier process, in which results in a good quality enzyme for industrial applications

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA SALON MEMEY DI SANGATTA

 Yanti, Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction At Salon Memey In Sangatta. Under the guidance of Mr. H. Eddy Soegiarto K, and Mr. Adi Suroso. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in Salon Memey in Sangatta by using multiple regression analysis. The formulation of this research is "What is the quality of service consisting of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy affects customer satisfaction at the Salon Memey in Sangatta," with the hypothesis there is positive and significant correlation between physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness , assurance, and empathy for customer satisfaction in the Salon Memey in Sangatta.The method used in this study by way of tabulating the results of a questionnaire based on the Likert scale. The population used in this study were 30 respondents and the results obtained by using multiple regression analysis. Results of research addressing that Memey Salon customers on average are all female, this may result from the deployment of questionnaires throughout the study. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis that has been calculated show calculated F value of 12.439 is greater than F table = 2.78, since F count> F table then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. By using the 0.05 limit. Then the hypothesis that simultaneous variable physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy significant effect on customer satisfaction.Based on the results of the coefficient of determination the relationship between the variables of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, have the effect of 72.2% on customer satisfaction. While 27.8% is influenced by other variables outside the research. Through calculations that have been done Coefficients obtained value of 0.935 and t value of 4.395 with a significance level of 0.000 the result is less than 0.05, thus Ha Ho accepted and rejected. This test is statistically proven that physical evidence of the dominant influence on customer satisfaction and the results are consistent with the hypothesis is accepte

Study of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Correlation With Severity

Introduction: The current study aimed to identify the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and their correlation to severity. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 patients with COPD with expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)20 pack-years, being more common in males in their 5th decade of life. Moreover, low FEV1 values were associated with ECG abnormalities. As the duration/severity of the disease rises, ECG abnormalities become more common. To avoid cardiac mortality and morbidity, all COPD patients should undergo cardiac examination through ECG for the management of co-morbidities

PENGARUH DISIPLIN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SMP NEGERI DI KECAMATAN LINGGANG BIGUNG

PASILINDA ISNA, Discipline and Motivation Influence on Performance Junior High School Teacher in District Linggang Bigung West Kutai ( under the guidance of Eddy Soegiarto as a mentor I and Mrs. Titin Ruliana, as a mentor II )This study aims to determine the effect of discipline and motivation on teacher performance SMP District of Linggang Bigung. In addition, this study is also to determine the most dominant factor in improving the performance of teachers in Secondary Schools Linggang Bigung districts.Based on the result of an analysis of the basic theories and hypotheses proposed that the first hypothesis is suspected that the discipline and motivation together – the same positive and significant effect on teacher performance SMP districts Linggang Bigung and the second hypothesis is thought that the most dominant motivational factors affect the performance of Junior High School teacher Bigung Linggang collectively received since – the same discipline and motivation variables have an influence on the performance of Junior High School teacher.The analytical tool used in this study is the of Classical Assumption Test, Test Multikoliniearitas, Heteroskedastity Test, Test Normality, Autocorrelation Test and Regression calculation to determine the influence – the influence of discipline variable (X1) and motivation (X2) on teacher performance variables (Y). F test and t – test to determine the dependent variable and independent variables.The influence of these variables on the look of the F-test analysis results, the calculated F value is equal to 6.219 with a significance level of 0.028 ( 95% confidence level ) and F tables amounted to 4.74, which mean the F count equal to 6.219 > F table 4.74. So,when in view of the significance value 0.028 is less than α level of 5%. It can be concluded that the variables of discipline and motivation variables significantly affect the performance of Junior High School teacher.The contribution of the variables X1 and X2 to Y, ie R = 0.800 and R Square of 0.640 (64%). This mean that there are other factors beyond the 36% observed that also affect the performance of teacher in the district SMP Linggang Bigung .T results for each – each variableis as follows: variable discipline 0.074, 2.101 with a significance value greater than 0.05 and t table, which mean 2.262 t of 2.101 2.262 t table, so it is evident that motivation significantly influence the performance of teachers in the district SMP Linggang Bigung

ANALISIS SISTEM DAN PROSEDUR PERNJUALAN KREDIT PADA PT. BUSSAN AUTO FINANCE DI SAMARINDA

Penjualan kredit yang memenuhi unsur-unsur pengendalian internal yang baik adalah penting agar perusahaan dapat mencapai laba seoptimal mungkin atau mencapai tingkat keuntungan tertentu yang dikehendaki. Penerapan pengendalian internal terhadap penjualan kredit sangat penting, hal ini bertujuan untuk memperkecil terjadinya kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh pemberian kredit yang tidak benar, hal tersebut akan menimbulkan piutang yang tidak dapat ditagih. Oleh karena itu penulis menyimpulkan bahwa PT. Bussan Auto Finance belum sepenuhnya menerapkan sistem dan prosedur penjualan kredit.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini apakah sistem dan prosedur penjualan krdit pada PT. Bussan Auto Finance telah memenuhi unsur-unsur pengendalian internal dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PT. Bussan Auto Finance belum melaksanakan sistem dan prosedur penjualan kredit dengan baik, karena dalam melaksanakan penjualan kredit belum adanya catatan buku pembantu piutang tentang penjualan kredit yang penagihannya sudah expired, sehingga dalam pengecekkannya akan menimbulkan kekeliruan, dan belum adanya unsur-unsur pengendalian internal yang baik dalam melaksanakn sistem dan penjualan kredit karena belum ada pemisahan bagian yang mencatat piutang dagang dengan bagian penjualan.Penerapan sistem dan prosedur penjualan kredit telah melibatkan fungsi-fungsi yang terkait, meskipun pada intinya pengendalian ini adalah faktor setiap individu untuk mencermati kekurangan yang ada. Dari hasil analisis dan pembahasan maka dapat diketahui bahwa sistem dan prosedur penjualan kredit yang dilaksanakan oleh PT. Bussan Auto Finance sudah memenuhi syarat-syarat pengendalian internal sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan ditolak

Role of six minute walk test in the evaluation of patients with chronic respiratory diseases

Background: Six minute walk test ( 6 MWT) is an inexpensive, reliable and repeatable test for the functional assessment of subjects with chronic respiratory diseases. Aims and Objectives: 1. To estimate the distance travelled on 6 MWT (6 MWD) by patients with chronic respiratory diseases. 2. To find any correlation between symptoms and 6 MWD in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases.3. To find any correlation between spirometry based functional grading and 6 MWD in chronic respiratory disease subjects. Materials & Methods: A total of forty two subjects were taken into the study who were having chronic respiratory diseases like COPD, Bronchiectasis, Tubercular fibrosis, Bronchial asthma, Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases etc.All the subjects underwent physical, radiological, spirometry and 6 MWT . Subjects were classified according to the grading on breathlessness, spirometry and performance on 6 MWT. Results: Significant correlation was obtained when spirometry based functional grading was compared with impairment on 6 MWT. Significant correlation was also observed when grading of breathlessness was compared with performance on 6 MWT. Conclusion: Study results correlated with other studies. This is a first study which evaluated 6 MWT in different diseases chronically affecting the respiratory system