FCM clustering using GPS data for defining level of service criteria of urban streets in Indian context

At present speed ranges for Levels of Service (LOS) categories are not well defined for highly heterogeneous traffic flow on urban streets in Indian context. In this regard a study was carried out in the city of Mumbai in India. The objective of this research work is to define free-flow speed ranges of urban street classes and speed ranges of LOS categories. In this regard speed data were collected using GPS palmtop and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is used to define the speed ranges. It is found from this study that speed-ranges for LOS categories in Indian context are lower than that mentioned in Highway Capacity Manual

A study on dyselectrolytemia in patients with first episode of seizures

Background: Seizure etiology is a wide range, depending on the age, of which electrolyte abnormalities play an important role in causation. Aim: To estimate the electrolyte imbalances in patients aged more than 18 years presenting with first episode of seizures. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was conducted between October 2020 - October 2021 at Alluri SitaramaRaju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru, after getting approved by the institutional ethical committee. Inclusion criteria: All the patients with first episode of focal or generalised seizures, with age of onset of seizures >18 years, admitted in department of General Medicine and Neurology, ASRAM medical college and hospital, Eluru from October 2020 - October 2021. An individual informed consent was taken from all the patients selected for the study. Exclusion criteria: Patients with past history of seizures. Discussion: Total number of cases studied=45. Metabolic abnormalities were most common cause of seizures in this study, seen in 21 patients (46.67%) out of which hyperglycaemia was the most common cause seen in 9 patients, followed by uremia in 5 patients, electrolyte abnormalities as in 5 patients and hypoglycaemia in 2. Out of 45 patients, 13(28.89%) had electrolyte disturbances, of which the most common abnormality observed was hyponatremia, seen in 10 patients (76.99%). Others were hypercalcemia in 1patient (7.67%), hypomagnesemia in 1patient (7.67%),hypokalemia in 1 patient. Conclusion: Among various causes of seizures, electrolyte abnormalities were most commonly seen in patients with metabolic causes

Divisive Analysis (DIANA) of hierarchical clustering and GPS data for level of service criteria of urban streets

Level of Service (LOS) for heterogeneous traffic flow on urban streets is not well defined in Indian context. Hence in this study an attempt is taken to classify urban road networks into number of street classes and average travel speeds on street segments into LOS categories. Divisive Analysis (DIANA) Clustering is used for such classification of large amount of speed data collected using GPS receiver. DIANA algorithm and silhouette validation parameter are used to classify Free Flow Speeds (FFS) into optimal number of classes and the same algorithm is applied on speed data to determine ranges of different LOS categories. Speed ranges for LOS categories (A–F) expressed in percentage of FFS are found to be 90, 70, 50, 40, 25 and 20–25 respectively in the present study. On the other hand, in HCM (2000) it has been mentioned these values are 85 and above, 67–85, 50–67, 40–50, 30–40 and 30 and less percent respectively

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Not AvailableRunoff from rainfall is an important component of the hydrological cycle. Estimation of runoff is critical for the design of hydrological structures and drainage systems in watersheds. Different soils, land use and water management practices affect runoff differently. In real watersheds, land use, soils and weather conditions vary spatially over the geographical area of the watershed leading to spatial variations in runoff. Also, most watersheds form a part of larger drainage basin or a large watershed consisting of several such sub-watersheds. Each sub-watershed is hydrologically connected to the other sub-watersheds of the basin. A comprehensive Geographical Information System (GIS) based decision support system (DSS) for estimation of runoff that includes the spatial variations in rainfall and natural resources is presented. A DSS is a computer-based information system which serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. The DSS is developed as a deployable application by integrating independent GIS layers of watershed features created in ArcGIS with MapObjects in Visual Basic software, as a case study for the KK3 watershed in Mahaboobnagar district of Telangana state, India. The DSS generates thematic maps of spatial variations in runoff on individual rainy days for the sub-watersheds.Not Availabl