825 research outputs found
Low-Frequency Optical Conductivity in Inhomogeneous d-wave Superconductors
Motivated by the recent optical conductivity experiments on
Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} films, we examine the possible origin of
low-frequency dissipation in the superconducting state. In the presence of
spatial inhomogeneity of the local phase stiffness rho_s, it is shown that some
spectral weight is removed from omega=0 to finite frequencies and contribute to
dissipation. A case where both rho_s and the local normal fluid density are
inhomogeneous is also considered. We find an enhanced dissipation at low
frequency if the two variations are anti-correlated.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.
Power spectrum of many impurities in a d-wave superconductor
Recently the structure of the measured local density of states power spectrum
of a small area of the \BSCCO (BSCCO) surface has been interpreted in terms of
peaks at an "octet" of scattering wave vectors determined assuming weak,
noninterfering scattering centers. Using analytical arguments and numerical
solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we discuss how the
interference between many impurities in a d-wave superconductor alters this
scenario. We propose that the peaks observed in the power spectrum are not the
features identified in the simpler analyses, but rather "background" structures
which disperse along with the octet vectors. We further consider how our
results constrain the form of the actual disorder potential found in this
material.Comment: 5 pages.2 figure
The Role of Translation Initiation Regulation in Haematopoiesis
Organisation of RNAs into functional subgroups that are translated in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors underlines a relatively unexplored gene expression modulation that drives cell fate in the same manner as regulation of the transcriptome by transcription factors. Recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses and haematological disorders indicate clearly that the regulation of mRNA translation at the level of translation initiation, mRNA stability, and protein isoform synthesis is implicated in the tight regulation of gene expression. This paper outlines how these posttranscriptional control mechanisms, including control at the level of translation initiation factors and the role of RNA binding proteins, affect hematopoiesis. The clinical relevance of these mechanisms in haematological disorders indicates clearly the potential therapeutic implications and the need of molecular tools that allow measurement at the level of translational control. Although the importance of miRNAs in translation control is well recognised and studied extensively, this paper will exclude detailed account of this level of control
Temperature dependence of Vortex Charges in High Temperature Superconductors
Using a model Hamiltonian with d-wave superconductivity and competing
antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions, the temperature (T) dependence of the
vortex charge in high T_c superconductors is investigated by numerically
solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. The strength of the induced AF
order inside the vortex core is T dependent. The vortex charge could be
negative when the AF order with sufficient strength is present at low
temperatures. At higher temperatures, the AF order may be completely suppressed
and the vortex charge becomes positive. A first order like transition in the T
dependent vortex charge is seen near the critical temperature T_{AF}. For
underdoped sample, the spatial profiles of the induced spin-density wave and
charge-density wave orders could have stripe like structures at T < T_s, and
change to two-dimensional isotropic ones at T > T_s. As a result, a vortex
charge discontinuity occurs at T_s.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Effects of domain walls on hole motion in the two-dimensional t-J model at finite temperature
The t-J model on the square lattice, close to the t-J_z limit, is studied by
quantum Monte Carlo techniques at finite temperature and in the underdoped
regime. A variant of the Hoshen-Koppelman algorithm was implemented to identify
the antiferromagnetic domains on each Trotter slice. The results show that the
model presents at high enough temperature finite antiferromagnetic (AF) domains
which collapse at lower temperatures into a single ordered AF state. While
there are domains, holes would tend to preferentially move along the domain
walls. In this case, there are indications of hole pairing starting at a
relatively high temperature. At lower temperatures, when the whole system
becomes essentially fully AF ordered, at least in finite clusters, holes would
likely tend to move within phase separated regions. The crossover between both
states moves down in temperature as doping increases and/or as the off-diagonal
exchange increases. The possibility of hole motion along AF domain walls at
zero temperature in the fully isotropic t-J is discussed.Comment: final version, to appear in Physical Review
Theory of the Diamagnetism Above the Critical Temperature for Cuprates
Recently experiments on high critical temperature superconductors has shown
that the doping levels and the superconducting gap are usually not uniform
properties but strongly dependent on their positions inside a given sample.
Local superconducting regions develop at the pseudogap temperature () and
upon cooling, grow continuously. As one of the consequences a large diamagnetic
signal above the critical temperature () has been measured by different
groups. Here we apply a critical-state model for the magnetic response to the
local superconducting domains between and and show that the
resulting diamagnetic signal is in agreement with the experimental results.Comment: published versio
The types of Mott insulator
There are two classes of Mott insulators in nature, distinguished by their
responses to weak doping. With increasing chemical potential, Type I Mott
insulators undergo a first order phase transition from the undoped to the doped
phase. In the presence of long-range Coulomb interactions, this leads to an
inhomogeneous state exhibiting ``micro-phase separation.'' In contrast, in Type
II Mott insulators charges go in continuously above a critical chemical
potential. We show that if the insulating state has a broken symmetry, this
increases the likelihood that it will be Type I. There exists a close analogy
between these two types of Mott insulators and the familiar Type I and Type II
superconductors
Upper critical field calculations for the high critical temperature superconductors considering inhomogeneities
We perform calculations to obtain the curve of high temperature
superconductors (HTSC). We consider explicitly the fact that the HTSC possess
intrinsic inhomogeneities by taking into account a non uniform charge density
. The transition to a coherent superconducting phase at a critical
temperature corresponds to a percolation threshold among different
superconducting regions, each one characterized by a given .
Within this model we calculate the upper critical field by means of an
average linearized Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equation to take into account the
distribution of local superconducting temperatures . This
approach explains some of the anomalies associated with and why
several properties like the Meissner and Nernst effects are detected at
temperatures much higher than .Comment: Latex text, add reference
Quadriceps volumes are reduced in people with patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis
Objectives: This study aimed to (1) compare the volumes of vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus intermedius and rectus femoris and the ratio of VM/VL volumes between asymptomatic controls and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJ OA) participants; and (2) assess the relationships between cross-sectional area (CSA) and volumes of the VM and VL in individuals with and without PFJ OA. Methods: Twenty-two participants with PFJ OA and 11 controls aged ≥40 years were recruited from the community and practitioner referrals. Muscle volumes of individual quadriceps components were measured from thigh magnetic resonance (MR) images. The CSA of the VM and lateralis were measured at 10 equally distributed levels (femoral condyles to lesser femoral trochanter). Results: PFJ OA individuals had smaller normalized VM (mean difference 0.90 cm ·kg , α = 0.011), VL (1.50 cm ·kg , α = 0.012) and rectus femoris (0.71 cm ·kg , α = 0.009) volumes than controls. No differences in the VM/VL ratio were observed. The CSA at the third level (controls) and fourth level (PFJ OA) above the femoral condyles best predicted VM volume, whereas the VL volume was best predicted by the CSA at the seventh level (controls) and sixth level (PFJ OA) above the femoral condyles. Conclusion: Reduced quadriceps muscle volume was a feature of PFJ OA. Muscle volume could be predicted from CSA measurements at specific levels in PFJ OA patients and controls
A Theory for High- Superconductors Considering Inhomogeneous Charge Distribution
We propose a general theory for the critical and pseudogap
temperature dependence on the doping concentration for high- oxides,
taking into account the charge inhomogeneities in the planes. The well
measured experimental inhomogeneous charge density in a given compound is
assumed to produce a spatial distribution of local . These differences
in the local charge concentration is assumed to yield insulator and metallic
regions, possibly in a stripe morphology. In the metallic region, the
inhomogeneous charge density yields also spatial distributions of
superconducting critical temperatures and zero temperature gap
. For a given sample, the measured onset of vanishing gap
temperature is identified as the pseudogap temperature, that is, , which
is the maximum of all . Below , due to the distribution of
's, there are some superconducting regions surrounded by insulator or
metallic medium. The transition to a superconducting state corresponds to the
percolation threshold among the superconducting regions with different
's. To model the charge inhomogeneities we use a double branched
Poisson-Gaussian distribution. To make definite calculations and compare with
the experimental results, we derive phase diagrams for the BSCO, LSCO and YBCO
families, with a mean field theory for superconductivity using an extended
Hubbard Hamiltonian. We show also that this novel approach provides new
insights on several experimental features of high- oxides.Comment: 7 pages, 5 eps figures, corrected typo
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