The Pure Rotational Spectrum And Hyperfine Structure Of Cf Studied By Laser Magnetic Resonance

Laser magnetic resonance spectra have been measured for four rotational transitions and one spin-changing transition in the 2Π ground state of CF, generated in an intracavity methane-fluorine flame. From a detailed analysis of the Zeeman hyperfine structure of the J = 9/2→11/2 transition in the Ω = 3/2 spin component the hyperfine constants h, b, and d as well as B0 and q0 have been determined. Using these fitted parameters in conjunction with ab initio results, the values of 〈l/r 3〉, 〈(3 cos2θ - l)/r3〉, |φ2(0)|, and 〈(sin2θ)/r3〉, averaged over the unpaired electron distribution, have been determined. Comparison of these integrals with those of the fluorine atom indicates that the unpaired electron has approximately 18% F character, implying a substantial degree of double bonding. © 1982 American Institute of Physics.771586

Laser Magnetic Resonance Measurement Of The 3p1-3p0 Fine-structure Separation Of P+

The far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectrum associated with the J = 1 ← 0 fine-structure transition of 31P+ in its ground 3P state has been recorded. This is the first laboratory observation of this magnetic dipole transition, and its frequency has been measured 2 orders of magnitude more accurately than the previous, indirect determination from optical spectroscopy. The frequency is ΔE10 = 4944433.0 ± 1.7 MHz. A small nuclear hyperfine splitting was also observed for the J = 1 level.4642 PART IIL203L206Brown, J.M., Evenson, K.M., Zink, L.R., (1993) Phys. Rev. A, 48, p. 3761(1994) ApJ, 431, pp. L147Brown, J.M., Varberg, T.D., Evenson, K.M., Zink, L.R., (1994) ApJ, 428, pp. L37Brown, J.M., Zink, L.R., Evenson, K.M., (1994) ApJ, 423, pp. L151Cooksy, A.L., Hovde, D.C., Saykally, R.J., (1986) J. Chem. Phys., 84, p. 6101Guélin, M., Cernicharo, J., Paubert, G., Turner, B.E., (1990) A&A, 230, pp. L9Haas, M.R., Hollenbach, D.J., Erickson, E.F., (1991) ApJ, 374, p. 555Lugten, J.B., Genzel, R., Crawford, J.K., Townes, C.H., (1986) ApJ, 306, p. 691Martin, W.C., Zalubas, R., Musgrove, A., (1985) J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, p. 751Moore, C.E., (1949) Atomic Energy Levels as Derived from the Analyses of Optical Spectra, 1. , (Circ. Natl. Bur. Stand. 467) (Washington: NBS)Svendenius, N., Magnusson, C.E., Zetterberg, P.O., (1983) Phys. Scr., 27, p. 339Tielens, A.G.G.M., Hollenbach, D.J., (1983) ApJ, 291, p. 722Turner, B.E., Bally, J., (1987) ApJ, 321, pp. L75Varberg, T.D., Brown, J.M., Evenson, K.M., (1994) J. Chem. Phys., 100, p. 2487Vasconcellos, E.C.C., Zerbetto, S.C., Holecek, J.C., Evenson, K.M., (1995) Opt. Lett., 20, p. 1Veseth, L., (1980) Phys. Rev. A, 22, p. 803Wright, E.L., (1991) ApJ, 381, p. 200Ziurys, L.M., (1987) ApJ, 321, pp. L8

Historical development of accelerometry measures and methods for physical activity and sedentary behavior research worldwide: A scoping review of observational studies of adults

This scoping review identified observational studies of adults that utilized accelerometry to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior. Key elements on accelerometry data collection were abstracted to describe current practices and completeness of reporting. We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) on June 1, 2021 for articles published up to that date. We included studies of non-institutionalized adults with an analytic sample size of at least 500. The search returned 5686 unique records. After reviewing 1027 full-text publications, we identified and abstracted accelerometry characteristics on 155 unique observational studies (154 cross-sectional/cohort studies and 1 case control study). The countries with the highest number of studies included the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Fewer studies were identified from the continent of Africa. Five of these studies were distributed donor studies, where participants connected their devices to an application and voluntarily shared data with researchers. Data collection occurred between 1999 to 2019. Most studies used one accelerometer (94.2%), but 8 studies (5.2%) used 2 accelerometers and 1 study (0.6%) used 4 accelerometers. Accelerometers were more commonly worn on the hip (48.4%) as compared to the wrist (22.3%), thigh (5.4%), other locations (14.9%), or not reported (9.0%). Overall, 12.7% of the accelerometers collected raw accelerations and 44.6% were worn for 24 hours/day throughout the collection period. The review identified 155 observational studies of adults that collected accelerometry, utilizing a wide range of accelerometer data processing methods. Researchers inconsistently reported key aspects of the process from collection to analysis, which needs addressing to support accurate comparisons across studies

Examination of community and consumer nutrition, tobacco and physical activity environments at food and tobacco retail stores in three diverse North Carolina communities

To advance our understanding of multiple health-related dimensions of the built environment, this study examined associations among nutrition, tobacco, and physical activity community and consumer environments. Community environment measures included supermarket access, tobacco outlet density, and physical activity resource density in store neighborhoods. Cross-sectional observations of the nutrition, tobacco and physical activity environments were conducted in 2011 at and around 303 food stores that sold tobacco products in three North Carolina counties. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression were used to examine associations between community and consumer environments. Correlations between community nutrition, tobacco, and physical activity environments ranged from slight to fair (-. 0.35 to 0.20) and from poor to fair (-. 0.01 to -. 0.38) between consumer environments. Significant relationships between consumer tobacco and nutrition environments were found after controlling for store and neighborhood characteristics. For example, stores with higher amounts of interior tobacco marketing had higher healthy food availability (p. =. 0.001), while stores with higher amounts of exterior tobacco marketing had lower healthy food availability (p. =. 0.02). Community and consumer environments for nutrition, tobacco, and physical activity were interrelated. Measures that assess single aspects of community or consumer environments could miss characteristics that may influence customer purchasing. Even chain supermarkets, typically regarded as healthful food sources compared to smaller food stores, may expose customers to tobacco marketing inside. Future research could explore combining efforts to reduce obesity and tobacco use by addressing tobacco marketing, healthy food availability and physical activity opportunities at retail food outlets

Association between concussion and mental health in former collegiate athletes

Background: The existing research on the association between concussion and mental health outcomes is largely limited to former professional athletes. This cross-sectional study estimated the association between recurrent concussion and depression, impulsivity, and aggression in former collegiate athletes. Methods: Former collegiate athletes who played between 1987–2012 at a Division I university completed an online questionnaire. The main exposure, total number of self-recalled concussions (sport-related and non-sport-related), were categorized as: zero (referent), one, two, or three or more concussions. The main outcomes were the depression module of The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Short Form of the Barratt Impulsiveness scale (BIS15); and the 12-item Short Form of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ-SF). Depression was categorized into a binomial severity classification that differentiated between no or mild depression (PHQ-9 scores <10) and moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥10). Impulsivity and aggression were kept as continuous outcomes. Binomial regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Linear regression estimated adjusted mean differences (MD). Results: Of the 797 respondents with complete data (21.9% completion rate), 38.8% reported at least one concussion. Controlling for alcohol dependence and family history of depression, the prevalence of moderate to severe depression among former collegiate athletes reporting three or more concussions in total was 2.4 times that of those reporting zero concussions [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.0, 5.7]. Controlling for alcohol dependence, family history of anxiety, relationship status, obtaining a post-graduate degree, and playing primary college sport professionally, former collegiate athletes reporting two or more concussions in total had higher mean scores for impulsivity, compared to those reporting no concussions (2 concussions MD = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.1; 3+ concussions MD = 1.9; 95% CI: 0.6, 3.2). Controlling for alcohol dependence, sex, and relationship status, former collegiate athletes reporting three or more concussions in total had a higher mean score for aggression, compared to those reporting no concussions (MD = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4, 4.7). Conclusions: Our study found an association between former concussion and greater risk of severe depression and higher levels of impulsivity and aggression among former collegiate athletes. Additional prospective studies better addressing causality and ascertaining valid lifetime concussion histories and medical histories are needed

Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories in former collegiate athletes

Background: Athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories have been used in research on former athletes, but both have limitations. Comparisons of these 2 types of concussion histories are needed to improve the accuracy of estimates of concussion history for future research and clinical care. Purpose: To estimate the agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories during college and to explore reasons for differences. Study: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athlete-recalled concussion histories were provided by a convenience sample of 130 former collegiate athletes using an online questionnaire, and they were individually linked to previously collected clinical data that tracked medically diagnosed concussions at the host institution from 1996 to 2012. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to assess agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess reasons for disagreement. Results: Agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories was low (ICC2,1 = 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.37), but it was higher for women (ICC2,1 = 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.79) and for athletes playing more recently (2005-2012; ICC2,1 = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.67). Of the 53 athletes who self-reported college sportsrelated concussions, 40% believed that they sustained impacts that should have been diagnosed as concussions but were undetected, and 21% admitted nondisclosure of suspected concussions. Common reasons for nondisclosure included the following: did not think injury was serious enough (91%), did not know it was a concussion (73%), and did not want to leave the game/practice (73%). Conclusion: Given the low agreement between athlete-recalled and clinically documented concussion histories, methodologic research is needed to improve the quality of tools used to assess concussion histories in former athletes. © 2014 The Author(s)

Using MapMyFitness to place physical activity into neighborhood context

It is difficult to obtain detailed information on the context of physical activity at large geographic scales, such as the entire United States, as well as over long periods of time, such as over years. MapMyFitness is a suite of interactive tools for individuals to track theirworkouts online or using global positioning system in their phones or other wireless trackers. This method article discusses the use of physical activity data tracked using MapMyFitness to examine patterns over space and time. An overview of MapMyFitness, including data tracked, user information, and geographic scope, is explored. We illustrate the utility of MapMyFitness data using tracked physical activity by users in Winston-Salem, NC, USA between 2006 and 2013. Types of physical activities tracked are described, as well as the percent of activities occurring in parks. Strengths of MapMyFitness data include objective data collection, low participant burden, extensive geographic scale, and longitudinal series. Limitations include generalizability, behavioral change as the result of technology use, and potential ethical considerations. MapMyFitness is a powerful tool to investigate patterns of physical activity across large geographic and temporal scales

The association of sport and exercise activities with cardiovascular disease risk: The Atherosclerosis risk in Communities (ARIC) study

Background: This study assessed the independent associations between participation in self-reported sport and exercise activities and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Data were from 13,204 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort (1987–2015). Baseline sport and exercise activities were assessed via the modified Baecke questionnaire. Incident CVD included coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association of participation in specific sport and exercise activities at enrollment with risk of CVD. Results: During a median follow-up time of 25.2 years, 30% of the analytic sample (n = 3966) was diagnosed with incident CVD. In fully adjusted models, participation in racquet sports (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.93), aerobics (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63–0.88), running (HR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54–0.85), and walking (HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.95) was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD. There were no significant associations for bicycling, softball/baseball, gymnastics, swimming, basketball, calisthenics exercises, golfing with cart, golfing with walking, bowling, or weight training. Conclusions: Participation in specific sport and exercises may substantially reduce the risk for CVD

Integrating Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Into Primary Care Practices to Work With Children With Overweight

Despite increased reimbursement for registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs), few studies have assessed the potential of integrating them into primary care clinics to support pediatric weight management. To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach, RDNs were introduced into 8 primary care practices in North Carolina. This mixed-methods study combined (1) interviews and focus groups with RDNs and clinic personnel, (2) comparison of change in body mass index (BMI) z-score in study practices to change in historical comparison groups, and (3) analysis of behavior and BMI change for RDN utilizers. Qualitative data were coded thematically, and McNemar’s and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for quantitative data. RDN integration was good, but average referral rate for eligible children was 19.4%; 48.4% of those referred utilized the RDN (most fewer than 3 times). Using the full analysis set, there was no difference in change in BMI z-score for intervention and comparison groups. For RDN utilizers, the average change in BMI z-score was −0.089 (P <.001), and there was statistically significant improvement in 7 of 8 health behaviors. Integrating RDNs into primary care practices was feasible and possibly effective for utilizers. Reaping potential benefits of RDN co-location would require increasing low referral and utilization rates

The association of acculturation with accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships