751 research outputs found
Semiclassical Dynamics from Zeno-Like measurements
The usual semiclassical approximation for atom-field dynamics consists in
substituting the field operators by complex numbers related to the (supposedly
large enough) intensity of the field. We show that a semiclassical evolution
for coupled systems can always be obtained by frequent Zeno-like measurements
on the state of one subsystems, independently of the field intensity in the
example given. We study the Jaynes Cummings model from this perspective
Sharing data to build a medical information commons: from Bermuda to the Global Alliance
The Human Genome Project modeled its open science ethos on nematode biology, most famously through daily release of DNA sequence data based on the 1996 Bermuda Principles. That open science philosophy persists, but daily, unfettered release of data has had to adapt to constraints occasioned by the use of data from individual people, broader use of data not only by scientists but also by clinicians and individuals, the global reach of genomic applications and diverse national privacy and research ethics laws, and the rising prominence of a diverse commercial genomics sector. The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health was established to enable the data sharing that is essential for making meaning of genomic variation. Data-sharing policies and practices will continue to evolve as researchers, health professionals, and individuals strive to construct a global medical and scientific information commons.Robert Cook-Deegan, Rachel A. Ankeny, and Kathryn Maxson Jone
Healthcare providers’ perception of faecal microbiota transplantation with clostridium difficile infection and inflammatory bowel disease: a quantitative systematic review
Background:
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are global gastroenterological diseases that cause considerable burden on human health, healthcare systems, and society. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection (rCDI) and a promising therapy for IBD. However, indication for FMT in IBD is still unofficial. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is seeking healthcare providers’ advice on whether to update FMT guidelines.
Methods:
A systematic review methodology was adopted for this study. Five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature were systematically searched for English language literature to 14 May 2021. The quality of the included studies was then appraised using the Institute for Public Health Sciences cross-sectional studies tool, after which the findings of the studies were narratively synthesised.
Results:
Thirteen cross-sectional studies with 4110 validated questionnaire responses were included. Narrative synthesis found that 39.43% of respondents were familiar with FMT (N = 3746, 95%CI = 37.87%–41%), 58.81% of respondents would recommend FMT to their patients (N = 1141, 95%CI = 55.95%–61.67%), 66.67% of respondents considered lack of clinical evidence was the greatest concern regarding FMT (N = 1941, 95%CI = 64.57%–68.77%), and 40.43% respondents would not implement FMT due to concerns about infection transmission (N = 1128, 95%CI = 37.57%–43.29%).
Conclusion:
Healthcare providers’ knowledge of FMT is relatively low and education is an effective strategy to improve it. As knowledge of FMT increases, willingness to recommend it also increases. Strengthening FMT clinical efficacy and reducing infection can enhance its public acceptance, application and popularity. However, further research is required to explore the donor screening procedure
Electronic Structures of Quantum Dots and the Ultimate Resolution of Integers
The orbital angular momentum L as an integer can be ultimately factorized as
a product of prime numbers. We show here a close relation between the
resolution of L and the classification of quantum states of an N-electron
2-dimensional system. In this scheme, the states are in essence classified into
different types according to the m(k)-accessibility, namely the ability to get
access to symmetric geometric configurations. The m(k)-accessibility is an
universal concept underlying all kinds of 2-dimensional systems with a center.
Numerical calculations have been performed to reveal the electronic structures
of the states of the dots with 9 and 19 electrons,respectively. This paper
supports the Laughlin wave finction and the composite fermion model from the
aspect of symmetry.Comment: Two figure
Localization dynamics in a binary two-dimensional cellular automaton: the Diffusion Rule
We study a two-dimensional cellular automaton (CA), called Diffusion Rule
(DR), which exhibits diffusion-like dynamics of propagating patterns. In
computational experiments we discover a wide range of mobile and stationary
localizations (gliders, oscillators, glider guns, puffer trains, etc), analyze
spatio-temporal dynamics of collisions between localizations, and discuss
possible applications in unconventional computing.Comment: Accepted to Journal of Cellular Automat
Spinodal Decomposition in a Binary Polymer Mixture: Dynamic Self Consistent Field Theory and Monte Carlo Simulations
We investigate how the dynamics of a single chain influences the kinetics of
early stage phase separation in a symmetric binary polymer mixture. We consider
quenches from the disordered phase into the region of spinodal instability. On
a mean field level we approach this problem with two methods: a dynamical
extension of the self consistent field theory for Gaussian chains, with the
density variables evolving in time, and the method of the external potential
dynamics where the effective external fields are propagated in time. Different
wave vector dependencies of the kinetic coefficient are taken into account.
These early stages of spinodal decomposition are also studied through Monte
Carlo simulations employing the bond fluctuation model that maps the chains --
in our case with 64 effective segments -- on a coarse grained lattice. The
results obtained through self consistent field calculations and Monte Carlo
simulations can be compared because the time, length, and temperature scales
are mapped onto each other through the diffusion constant, the chain extension,
and the energy of mixing. The quantitative comparison of the relaxation rate of
the global structure factor shows that a kinetic coefficient according to the
Rouse model gives a much better agreement than a local, i.e. wave vector
independent, kinetic factor. Including fluctuations in the self consistent
field calculations leads to a shorter time span of spinodal behaviour and a
reduction of the relaxation rate for smaller wave vectors and prevents the
relaxation rate from becoming negative for larger values of the wave vector.
This is also in agreement with the simulation results.Comment: Phys.Rev.E in prin
Differential Therapeutic Outcomes of Community-Based Group Interventions for Women and Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Two community-based group therapies, emotion focused versus goal oriented, are compared among women exposed to intimate partner violence (n = 46) and their children ( n = 48) aged between 6 and 12 years. A series of repeated measures analyses are employed to evaluate the effects of time from baseline to postintervention following random assignment. Main and treatment effects for women provide support for the relative effectiveness in increasing quality of social support in the emotion-focused intervention and in the reduction of both family conflict and alcohol use for the goal-oriented intervention.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline
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