Isospin-Violating Meson-Nucleon Vertices as an Alternate Mechanism of Charge-Symmetry Breaking

We compute isospin-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants and their consequent charge-symmetry-breaking nucleon-nucleon potentials. The couplings result from evaluating matrix elements of quark currents between nucleon states in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model; the isospin violations arise from the difference in the up and down constituent quark masses. We find, in particular, that isospin violation in the omega-meson--nucleon vertex dominates the class IV CSB potential obtained from these considerations. We evaluate the resulting spin-singlet--triplet mixing angles, the quantities germane to the difference of neutron and proton analyzing powers measured in elastic $\vec{n}-\vec{p}$ scattering, and find them commensurate to those computed originally using the on-shell value of the $\rho$-$\omega$ mixing amplitude. The use of the on-shell $\rho$-$\omega$ mixing amplitude at $q^2=0$ has been called into question; rather, the amplitude is zero in a wide class of models. Our model possesses no contribution from $\rho$-$\omega$ mixing at $q^2=0$, and we find that omega-meson exchange suffices to explain the measured $n-p$ analyzing power difference~at~183 MeV.Comment: 20 pages, revtex, 3 uuencoded PostScript figure

Charge symmetry breaking via rho-omega mixing from model quark-gluon dynamics

The quark-loop contribution to the $\rho^0-\omega$ mixing self-energy function is calculated using a phenomenologically successful QCD-based model field theory in which the $\rho^0$ and $\omega$ mesons are composite $\bar{q}q$ bound states. In this calculation the dressed quark propagator, obtained from a model Dyson-Schwinger equation, is confining. In contrast to previous studies, the meson-$\bar{q}q$ vertex functions are characterised by a strength and range determined by the dynamics of the model; and the calculated off-mass-shell behaviour of the mixing amplitude includes the contribution from the calculated diagonal meson self-energies. The mixing amplitude is shown to be very sensitive to the small isovector component of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. The spacelike quark-loop mixing-amplitude generates an insignificant charge symmetry breaking nuclear force.Comment: 11 Pages, 3 figures uuencoded and appended to this file, REVTEX 3.0. ANL-PHY-7718-TH-94, KSUCNR-004-94. [!! PostScript file format corrected. Retrieve by anonymous ftp from theory.phy.anl.gov (130.202.20.190), directory pub: mget wpfig*.ps Three files.

Immune-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vivo generates breast cancer stem cells

The breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) hypotheses suggest that breast cancer is derived from a single tumor-initiating cell with stem-like properties, but the source of these cells is unclear. We previously observed that induction of an immune response against an epithelial breast cancer led in vivo to the T-cell-dependent outgrowth of a tumor, the cells of which had undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The resulting mesenchymal tumor cells had a CD24(-/lo)CD44(+) phenotype, consistent with BCSCs. In the present study, we found that EMT was induced by CD8 T cells and the resulting tumors had characteristics of BCSCs, including potent tumorigenicity, ability to reestablish an epithelial tumor, and enhanced resistance to drugs and radiation. In contrast to the hierarchal cancer stem cell hypothesis, which suggests that breast cancer arises from the transformation of a resident tissue stem cell, our results show that EMT can produce the BCSC phenotype. These findings have several important implications related to disease progression and relapse

The metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation

The prevalence of diabetes and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, and the causes of this pandemic are not fully understood. Chronic sleep curtailment is a behavior that has developed over the past 2-3 decades. Laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest that sleep loss may play a role in the increased prevalence of diabetes and/or obesity. Current data suggest the relationship between sleep restriction, weight gain and diabetes risk may involve at least three pathways: (1) alterations in glucose metabolism; (2) upregulation of appetite; and (3) decreased energy expenditure. The present article reviews the current evidence in support of these three mechanisms that might link short sleep and increased obesity and diabetes risk. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Magnetic nanoparticle-driven pumping in microchannels

10.1109/SENSOR.2009.5285889TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 15th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems2274-227