Algorithm for image registration and clutter and jitter noise reduction

This paper presents an analytical, computational method whereby two-dimensional images of an optical source represented in terms of a set of detector array signals can be registered with respect to a reference set of detector array signals. The detector image is recovered from the detector array signals and represented over a local region by a fourth order, two-dimensional taylor series. This local detector image can then be registered by a general linear transformation with respect to a reference detector image. The detector signal in the reference frame is reconstructed by integrating this detector image over the respective reference pixel. For cases in which the general linear transformation is uncertain by up to plus-or-minus two pixels, the general linear transformation can be determined by least squares fitting the detector image to the reference detector image. This registration process reduces clutter and jitter noise to a level comparable to the electronic noise level of the detector system. Test results with and without electronic noise using an analytical test function are presented

Statistical cloud coverage as a function of cloud optical thickness

The time-averaged, daylight fractional statistical cloud coverages as a function of cloud optical thickness and selected values of cloud transmission were determined for various geographic areas using D1 data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). The regions of interest chosen for this report are: global earth, global sea, global land, global coast, and the six 30{degree}-latitude bands over sea, over land, and over coast with longitude 0{degree}--360{degree}. This statistical information is deduced from data determined from satellite measurements of terrestrial, atmospheric and cloud properties by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. In particular the results are based on the ISCCP D1 data base

Apparent spatial blurring and displacement of a point optical source due to cloud scattering

A Monte Carlo algorithm is used to determine the apparent spatial blurring of a terrestrial 1.07 micron optical point source due to cloud scattering as seen from space. The virtual image of a point source over a virtual source plane area 22.4 x 22.4 square kilometers arising from cloud scattering was determined for stratus clouds (NASA cloud number 5) and altostratus clouds optical source arises from photon scattering by cloud water droplets. Displacement of the virtual source is due to the apparent illumination of the cloud top region directly about the actual source which when viewed at a nonzero look angle gives a projected displacement of the apparent source relative to the actual source. These features are quantified by an analysis of the Monte Carlo computational results

Compton scattering of photons from electrons in magnetically insulated transmission lines

Self-magnetically insulated transmission lines are used for power transport between the vacuum insulator and the diode in high current particle accelerators. Since the efficiency of the power transport depends on the details of the initial line geometry, i.e., the injector, the dependence of the electron canonical momentum distribution on the injector geometry should reveal the loss mechanism. We propose to study that dependence experimentally through a Compton scattering diagnostic. The spectrum of scattered light reveals the electron velocity distribution perpendicular to the direction of flow. The design of the diagnostic is in progress. Our preliminary analysis is based on the conservation of energy and canonical momentum for a single electron in the anti E and anti B fields determined from 2-D calculations. For the Mite accelerator with power flow along Z, the normalized canonical momentum, ..mu.., is in the range - 0.7 < ..mu.. less than or equal to 0. For anti k/sub i/ parallel to circumflex Y, and anti k/sub s/ circumflex X, our analysis indicates that the scattered photons have 1.1 eV less than or equal to h nu/sub s/ < 5.6 eV for ruby laser scattering and can be detected with PM tubes

Phylogenetic Relationships Of The New World Troidini Swallowtails (lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Based On Coi, Coii, And Ef-1α Genes

A phylogeny of the Neotropical members of the Tribe Troidini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was obtained with sequences of three protein-coding genes: two mitochondrial (COI and COII), and one nuclear (EF-1α). Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of 33 taxa resulted in very similar trees regardless of method used with the 27 troidines always forming a monophyletic clade. Within Troidini, the genus Battus is sister group to the remaining troidines, followed by a clade formed by the Paleotropical taxa (here represented by three exemplars). The genus Euryades is the next branch, and sister group of Parides. The genus Parides is monophyletic, and is divided into four main groups by Maximum Parsimony analysis, with the most basal group composed of tailed species restricted to SE Brazil. Character optimization of ecological and morphological traits over the phylogeny proposed for troidines indicated that the use of several species of Aristolochia is ancestral over the use of few or a single host-plant. For the other three characters, the ancestral states were the absence of long tails, forest as the primary habitat and oviposition solitary or in loose group of several eggs. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.363468483Armbruster, W.S., Baldwin, B.G., Switch from specialized to generalized pollination (1998) Nature, 394, p. 623Aubert, J., Legal, L., Descimon, H., Michel, F., Molecular phylogeny of swallowtail butterflies of the tribe Papilionini (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera) (1999) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 12, pp. 156-167Baker, R.H., Desalle, R., Multiple sources of character information and the phylogeny of Hawaiian Drosophilids (1997) Syst. 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Phylogenetic Relationships Of Ithomiine Butterflies (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) As Implied By Combined Morphological And Molecular Data

Morphological and molecular data from two prior publications are combined with new data resulting in a mostly well-supported cladistic hypothesis of relationships among subtribes and genera of Ithomiini, a diverse clade of Neotropical butterflies. A revised classification for relationships among the nine tribes and 46 genera comprising the group is proposed, and Athesitina new subtribe is described for Athesis Doubleday, 1847 and Patricia Fox, 1940. Oxapampa Brabant, 2004 is synonymized with Veladyris Fox, 1945. © 2014 The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London.122133147DEB 1241056; NSF; National Science FoundationAckery, P.R., The danaid genus Tellervo (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)- A cladistic approach (1987) Zoological Journal Ofthe Linnean Society, 89, pp. 203-274Ackery, P.R., Hostplants and classification: A review ofnymphalid butterflies (1988) Biological Journal of the LinneanSociety, 33, pp. 95-203Ackery, P.R., De Jong, R., Vane-Wright, R.I., The butterflies:Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea (1999) Handbook OfZoology, 4 (35), pp. 263-300. , KRISTENSEN, N. P., Ed. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies.1. Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography Lepidoptera. de Gruyter, Berlin, GermanyBaker, R.H., Desalle, R., Multiple sources of characterinformation and the phylogeny of Hawaiian Drosophil (1997) Systematic Biology, 46, pp. 654-673Bates, H.W., (1862) Contributions to An Insect Fauna of the AmazonValley, 23, pp. 495-566. , Lepidoptera: Heliconidae. Transactions of theLinnean SocietyBeccaloni, G.W., Ecology, natural history, and behaviourof ithomiine butterflies and their mimics in Ecuador (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) (1997) Tropical Lepidoptera, 8, pp. 103-124Beccaloni, G.W., Vertical stratification of ithomiine butterfly(Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) mimicry complexes: The relationshipbetween adult flight height and larval host-plantheight (1997) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 62, pp. 313-341Beccaloni, G.W., Viloria, A.L., Hall, S.K., Robinson, G.S., Catalogue of the Hostplants of the Neotropical Butterflies/Cat-alogo de las Plantas Hu-esped de las MariposasNeotropicales (2008) Zaragoza, Spain: Sociedad Entomol-ogica Aragonesa(SEA)/Red Iberoamericana de Biogeograf-?a y Entomolog-?aSistem-atica (RIBES)/Ciencia y Tecnolog-?a Para El Desarrollo(CYTED)/Natural History Museum, London, UK(NHM)/Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient-?ficas,Venezuela (IVIC)., 8, pp. 1-536. , M3m-Monograf-?as Tercer Milenio 1 fig, 3 tabsBrower, A.V.Z., Phylogenetic relationships among theNymphalidae (Lepidoptera) inferred from partial sequencesof the wingless gene (2000) Proceedings of the Royal Society OfLondon B, 267, pp. 1201-1211Brower, A.V.Z., The how and why of branch support andpartitioned branch support, with a new index to assess partitionincongruence (2006) Cladistics, 22, pp. 378-386Brower, A.V.Z., Desalle, R., Vogler, A.P., Genetrees, species trees and systematics: A cladistic perspective (1996) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 27, pp. 423-450Brower, A.V.Z., Desalle, R., Patterns of mitochondrialversus nuclear DNA sequence divergence among nymphalidbutterflies: The utility of wingless as a source of characters forphylogenetic inference (1998) Insect Molecular Biology, 7, pp. 1-10Brower, A.V.Z., Freitas, A.V.L., Lee, M.-M., Silva-Brandao, K.L., Whinnett, A., Willmott, K.R., Phylogeneticrelationships among the Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)inferred from one mitchondrial and two nuclear generegions (2006) Systematic Entomology, 31, pp. 288-301Brower, A.V.Z., Jeansonne, M.M., Geographical populationsand subspecies of New World monarch butterflies(Nymphalidae) share a recent origin and are not phylogeneticallydistinct (2004) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, pp. 519-523Brower, A.V.Z., Wahlberg, N., Ogawa, J.R., Boppre, M., Vane-Wright, R.I., Phylogenetic relationships amonggenera of danaine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) asimplied by morphology and DNA sequences (2010) Systematicsand Biodiversity, 8, pp. 75-89Brower, L.P., Chemical defence in butterflies (1984) The Biology of Butterflies, 1, pp. 109-134. , ACKERY,P. 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Academic Press, London, UKBrown Jr., K.S., Centros de evolu̧c̃ao, ref-ugios quatern-arios e conserva̧c̃ao de patrim^onios gen (1977) Acta Amazonica, 7, pp. 75-137Brown, K.S.J.R., Historical and ecological factors in thebiogeography of aposematic neotropical butterflies (1982) AmericanZoologist, 22, pp. 453-471Brown Jr., K.S., Chemical ecology of dehydropyrrolizidinealkaloids in adult Ithomiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) (1985) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 44, pp. 435-460Brown Jr., K.S., Chemistry at the solenaceae/Ithomiinaeinterf (1987) Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 74, pp. 359-397Brown Jr., K.S., Freitas, A.V.L., Juvenile stages ofIthomiinae: Overview and systematics (1994) Tropical Lepidoptera, 5, pp. 9-20Brown Jr., K.S., Henriques, S.A., Chemistry, co-evolution,and colonisation of Solanaceae leaves by Ithomiinaebutterflies (1991) Solanaceae III: Taxonomy, Chemistry, Evolution, pp. 51-68. , HAWKES, J.G., LESTER, R.N., NEE M. &ESTRADA, N., Eds London, Linnean Society 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Phylogenetic Relationships Among The Ithomiini (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Inferred From One Mitochondrial And Two Nuclear Gene Regions

A phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe Ithomiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) is presented, based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II (COI-COII) region and regions of the nuclear genes wingless and Elongation factor 1-alpha. Branch support for each clade is assessed, and a partition congruence index is used to explore conflict among gene regions. The monophyly of the clade is strongly supported, as are many of the traditionally recognized subtribes and genera. The data imply paraphyly of some genera and tribes, but largely support recent classifications and phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological characters. © 2006 The Authors.312288301Ackery, P.R., Hostplants and classification: A review of nymphalid butterflies (1988) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 33, pp. 95-203Ackery, P.R., De Jong, R., Vane-Wright, R.I., The butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea (1999) Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. 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A calorimetry system for metabolism trials Sistema de calorimetria para estudos de metabolismo

An indirect calorimetry system for rapid determination of CO2 and CH4 production and O2 consumption to estimate heat production of animals was built at Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Procedures for determination of correction and calibration factors for gas analyzers and the whole system, using standard test gases were described. In addition, a metabolic trial was performed to evaluate heat production of lambs fed ad libitum. It is concluded that the system is suitable for heat production determinations in small and medium size animals.<br>Um sistema de calorimetria para a determinação rápida da produção de CO2 e CH4 e do consumo de O2 de animais para o cálculo da produção de calor foi construído na Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Foram descritos os procedimentos para a determinação dos fatores de correção dos analisadores e calibração do sistema utilizando-se gases padrão. Adicionalmente, um ensaio de metabolismo foi realizado para se avaliar a produção de calor de ovinos alimentados ad libitum. Conclui-se que o sistema está apto para determinações de produção de calor em animais de pequeno e médio porte