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Not AvailableIn the present study the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in root extract of Rhizophora apiculata and Acanthus ilicifolius was determined, their antioxidant property was assayed a nd the protective effect of R. apiculata root extract on induced-oxidative stress was examined. R. apiculata and A. ilicifolius root extracts were found to be rich sources of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. DPPH free ra dical scavenging assay has shown that R. apiculata has a better antioxidant activity than A. illicifolius . R. apiculata root extract had protective effect on sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress in brain of rats. The extract normalized the sodium nitrite-in duced alterations in the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides and antiperoxidativ e enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutas e. Mangrove root extract had a beneficial effect in ameliorating oxidative stress in the brain of rats which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds.Not Availabl

Flavonoids and phenolic compounds in two mangrove species and their antioxidant property

259-264In the present study the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in root extract of Rhizophora apiculata and Acanthus ilicifolius was determined, their antioxidant property was assayed and the protective effect of R. apiculata root extract on induced-oxidative stress was examined. R. apiculata and A. ilicifolius root extracts were found to be rich sources of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. DPPH free radical scavenging assay has shown that R. apiculata has a better antioxidant activity than A. illicifolius. R. apiculata root extract had protective effect on sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress in brain of rats. The extract normalized the sodium nitrite-induced alterations in the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides and antiperoxidative enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase. Mangrove root extract had a beneficial effect in ameliorating oxidative stress in the brain of rats which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds

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Not AvailableIndia tops the list of countries with the highest number of diabetics. It represents a spectrum of conditions characterized by hyperglycemia, with derangements in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Cardiovascular disease, resulting from damage to large blood vessels, causes death of 50% or more of people with diabetes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from marine fatty fsh are known to be heart healthy constituents. PUFA are fatty acids with two or more double bonds and are generally 18-22 carbons in length. The PUFA of marine origin are usually rich in oleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic acids. Several studies have described the benefcial effects of PUFA. In the present study we investigated the hypolipidemic effect of PUFA concentrate prepared from fsh oil, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group III: diabetic rats treated with PUFA concentrate, administered via an intragastric tube (0.6 ml / rat), at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 27 consecutive days after the induction of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection with streptozotocin for groups II and III. Lipid parameters like total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in heart and plasma; and lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) and creatine kinase in heart were measured. In diabetes-induced rats, heart and plasma content of lipid fractions were increased; plasma LPL activity and HDL-C were decreased; and heart LPL activity was increased and creatine kinase activity was decreased. The oral administration of PUFA concentrate reduced the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in heart and plasma; increased HDL-C and plasma LPL activity and reduced VLDL and LDL levels in plasma; and decreased LPL activity and increased creatine kinase activity in heart of rats as compared with the diabetic control rats. These results suggest that the PUFA extract protected the Group III rats from the diabetes-induced alterations in the lipid metabolism. In the present study supplementation of PUFA did not alter the state of glycaemia but signifcantly reduced the levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins, viz. total cholesterol, VLDL and LDL-C, triglycerides and free fatty acids in diabetic rats. Also PUFA supplemented rats have shown a signifcant increase in the activity of plasma LPL activity which may be responsible for the lowering of various lipid fractions in plasma as well as heart tissue. PUFA supplementation may have helped in lowering the circulating levels of LDL, VLDL and triglycerides by one or more of the following mechanisms, viz., a reduction in the absorption of dietary fatty acids, thereby reducing VLDL formation in the gut, enhanced plasma lipoprotein lipase activity and a reduction in the hepatic VLDL synthesis and secretion.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOysters are highly esteemed sea food and considered a delicacy throughout the world. Yet this resource is not optimally utilised in several parts of the world. The aim of this study is to highlight its nutritional importance. Biochemical composition and nutritional attributes of oyster meat are discussed. Proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles and mineral content were determined in oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis). Moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash contents in the oyster were 82.64%, 9.41%, 3.25% 3.2% and 1.01%, respectively and it was rich in macro-minerals and trace elements especially selenium. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest of the total lipids among which eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid were the prominent fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 index was high indicating a predominance of n-3 fatty acids in the species. Total amino acid content was 99.33 g/100 g crude protein, of which, essential amino acid lysine was the most abundant. Valine had the lowest essential amino acid score (EAAS) (0.17) while threonine had the highest EAAS of 3.62. Chemical score was 17% and the lowest limiting amino acid was valine. Protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index and biological value of oyster were 3.92, 120.2 and 174.0, respectively which indicates that the protein is of superior quality. Data on biochemical composition, nutritional attributes and quality indices of C. madrasensis protein may prove important for future policies regarding exploitation of this species and for inducing favourable changes in consumer preferences.Not Availabl

Biochemical profile of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and its nutritional attributes

Oysters are highly esteemed sea food and considered a delicacy throughout the world. Yet this resource is not optimally utilised in several parts of the world. The aim of this study is to highlight its nutritional importance. Biochemical composition and nutritional attributes of oyster meat are discussed. Proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles and mineral content were determined in oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis). Moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash contents in the oyster were 82.64%, 9.41%, 3.25% 3.2% and 1.01%, respectively and it was rich in macro-minerals and trace elements especially selenium. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest of the total lipids among which eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid were the prominent fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 index was high indicating a predominance of n-3 fatty acids in the species. Total amino acid content was 99.33 g/100 g crude protein, of which, essential amino acid lysine was the most abundant. Valine had the lowest essential amino acid score (EAAS) (0.17) while threonine had the highest EAAS of 3.62. Chemical score was 17% and the lowest limiting amino acid was valine. Protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index and biological value of oyster were 3.92, 120.2 and 174.0, respectively which indicates that the protein is of superior quality. Data on biochemical composition, nutritional attributes and quality indices of C. madrasensis protein may prove important for future policies regarding exploitation of this species and for inducing favourable changes in consumer preferences

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Not AvailableOysters are highly esteemed sea food and considered a delicacy throughout the world.Yet this resource is not optimally utilised in several parts of the world. The aim of this study is to highlight its nutritional importance. Biochemical composition and nutritional attributes of oyster meat are discussed. Proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles and mineral content were determined in oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis). Moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash contents in the oyster were 82.64%, 9.41%, 3.25% 3.2% and 1.01%, respectively and it was rich in macro-minerals and trace elements especially selenium. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest of the total lipids among which eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid were the prominent fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 index was high indicating a predominance of n-3 fatty acids in the species. Total amino acid content was 99.33 g/100 g crude protein, of which, essential amino acid lysine was the most abundant. Valine had the lowest essential amino acid score (EAAS) (0.17) while threonine had the highest EAAS of 3.62. Chemical score was 17% and the lowest limiting amino acid was valine. Protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index and biological value of oyster were 3.92, 120.2 and 174.0, respectively which indicates that the protein is of superior quality. Data on biochemical composition, nutritional attributes and quality indices of C. madrasensis protein may prove important for future policies regarding exploitation of this species and for inducing favourable changes in consumer preferences.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableProximate composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition and mineral status of Commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) in three different size groups (3-5g,6-10g,25-30g)were studied. Moisture content was high in big size group and low in small size group. Fat content was found to be high in small size group and low in big size group showing an inverse relation between moisture content and fat content. It was observed that the protein content was high in medium sized fish. The essential amino acid content was significantly higher in small(3-5g)and medium sized fish compared to larger fish. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was higher in small size anchovies compared to other groups. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was five times higher than the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content in all the fishes irrespective of size. The higher content of EPA produces antithrombotic anti-inflammatory effects and help in calcium metabolism. The mineral content was found higher in small sized fishes. Anchovy can be a cheap and ideal dietary supplement for children and elderly.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAging has been defined as the changes that occur in living organisms with the passage of time that lead to functional impairment and ultimately to death. Free radical-induced oxidative damage has long been thought to be the most important consequence of the aging process. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the salubrious effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense system in young and aged rats. The dietary supplementation of chitosan significantly reduced the age-associated dyslipidemic abnormalities noted in the levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in plasma and heart tissue. Its administration significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the oxidative stress in the heart tissue of aged rats through the counteraction of free radical formation by maintaining the enzymatic [glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)] and non-enzymatic [reduced glutathione (GSH)] status at levels comparable to that of normal young rats. Our results conclude that dietary intake of chitosan restores the depleted myocardial antioxidant status and suggest that it could be an effective therapeutic agent in treatment of age-associated disorders where hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress are the major causative factors.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAging has been defined as the changes that occur in living organisms with the passage of time that lead to functional impairment and ultimately to death. Free radical induced oxidative damage has long been thought to be the present study, an attempt has been made to study the salubrious effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan significantly reduced the age-associated dyslipidemic abnormalities noted in the levels of total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in plasma and heart tissue. its administration significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the oxidative stress in the heart tissue of aged rats through the enzymatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) status at levels comparable to that of normal young rats. our results conclude that dietary intake of chitosan restores the depleted myocardial antioxidant status and suggest that it could be an effective therapeutic agent in treatment of age-associated disorders where hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress are the major causative factors.Not Availabl