The reduction of nitric-oxide by hydrogen over Pt, Rh and Pt-Rh single crystal surfaces

R.A. van Santen: question, p. 35

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Two planets on opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780

We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d∗ ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high-resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of Teff = 3360 ± 51 K, a surface gravity of log g∗ = 4.81 ± 0.04 (cgs), and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = 0.09 ± 0.16 dex, with an inferred mass of M∗ = 0.379 ± 0.016M· and a radius of R∗ = 0.382 ± 0.012R·. The ultra-short-period planet LTT 3780 b (Pb = 0.77 d) with a radius of 1.35-0.06+0.06 R·, a mass of 2.34-0.23+0.24 M·, and a bulk density of 5.24-0.81+0.94 g cm-3 joins the population of Earth-size planets with rocky, terrestrial composition. The outer planet, LTT 3780 c, with an orbital period of 12.25 d, radius of 2.42-0.10+0.10 R·, mass of 6.29-0.61+0.63 M·, and mean density of 2.45-0.37+0.44 g cm-3 belongs to the population of dense sub-Neptunes. With the two planets located on opposite sides of the radius gap, this planetary system is anexcellent target for testing planetary formation, evolution, and atmospheric models. In particular, LTT 3780 c is an ideal object for atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: two 10-M_earth mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf

Stars and planetary system

Loss of MUC2 expression correlates with progression along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence pathway as well as de novo carcinogenesis in the colon

Aims: We have previously demonstrated links between clinicopathological findings and phenotypes using several gastric and intestinal phenotypic markers in stomach and pancreatic cancers. However, the clinicopathological significance of the phenotype and Cdx2 expression has hitherto remained unclear in colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods and results: We examined the correlation between gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression in 91 primary early carcinomas of the colon. MUC2 expression demonstrated a significant decrease from tubular/ tubulovillous adenomas with moderate atypia, through intramucosal carcinomas, to cancers with submucosal invasion (P<0.0001). Intramucosal de novo carcinomas (flat type carcinomas without adenomatous components) exhibited a greater decrease of MUC2 than intramucosal lesions with adenomatous components. Expression of MUC5AC also decreased significantly with progression according to the tubular/tubulovillous adenomacarcinoma sequence, carcinomas with villous adenomatous components having a higher level compared with their tubular adenomatous counterparts, suggesting differences in the pathway of malignant transformation. Cdx2 nuclear expression was maintained in all of the adenomas and early carcinomas examined. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the reduction of MUC2 expression may be associated with the occurrence and progression of colorectal carcinomas in both adenoma-carcinoma sequence pathway and de novo carcinogenesis. Tumor-suppressive effects of Cdx2 may be preserved during early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis

The reduction of nitric-oxide by hydrogen over Pt, Rh and Pt-Rh single crystal surfaces

R.A. van Santen: question, p. 35

Walsh & Hoyt: Prognosis

The mortality rate in patients with neuromyelitis optica was as high as 50% in the past; however, improvements in supportive care greatly reduced this rate, and we estimate that death occurs in fewer than 10% of cases