A discriminant model for measuring competition intensity of construction market

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Theory for the Interdependence of High-Tc_c Superconductivity and Dynamical Spin Fluctuations

The doping dependence of the superconducting state for the 2D one-band Hubbard Hamiltonian is determined. By using an Eliashberg-type theory, we find that the gap function $\Delta_{\bf k}$ has a $d_{x^2-y^2}$ symmetry in momentum space and T$_c$ becomes maximal for $13 \; \%$ doping. Since we determine the dynamical excitations directly from real frequency axis calculations, we obtain new structures in the angular resolved density of states related to the occurrence of {\it shadow states} below T$_c$. Explaining the anomalous behavior of photoemission and tunneling experiments in the cuprates, we find a strong interplay between $d$-wave superconductivity and dynamical spin fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages (REVTeX) with 4 figures (Postscript

The Effects of Narrative Online Advertising on Attitude and Purchase Intention

This study examines the effects of narrative online advertising on a consumer’s attitude toward a product and his/her purchase intention, and the moderating effects of advertising, product and purchase involvement on the (aforementioned) relationships. The results indicate that the four narrative online advertising elements (interactivity, vividness, entertainment, self-referencing) have a positive effect on attitude (interactivity and entertainment did not), and attitude has a positive effect on purchase intention. The former relationship is positively moderated (enhanced) by advertising involvement but on only vividness and self-referencing while the latter by only product involvement. The data do not support purchase involvement as a moderator

A Study Of Travel Agency Collaboration And Co-Creation In The Tourism Industry

This study explores the dynamics of collaboration between travel agencies and their suppliers in co-creating value with their customers. It examines the relationship among six collaboration elements (co-creation dynamics), service innovation, competitive advantage, technology adoption and environmental change, and the moderating effect of trust on the co-creation elements and service innovation. The effects of technology adoption and environmental changes on the six elements were also examined. Results indicate that all the above effects are significant, and trust enhances the effect of the elements on innovation for Taiwan travel agencies. However, technology adoption and trust differed for the Malaysian travel agencies

Shredding energy consumption of GFRP composite waste

This work investigated effect of glass fibre fabric structures, feedstock feed rate and screen size on specific shredding energy of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) waste via a two-level factorial design of experiment study. Four types of fabric structure, i.e. unidirectional (UD), biaxial (BIAX), triaxial (TRIAX) and chopped strand mat (CSM), were impregnated separately with unsaturated polyester resin to manufacture GFRP plates. The shredding energy was measured using a two-wattmeter approach. During shredding, CSM demonstrated a relatively flat power consumption curve compared to other fabric types. It was also noticed that the GFRP plate reinforced with more complex woven structure, i.e. TRIAX, required higher energy for shredding, especially with a combination of high feed rate and small screen size. It was found that mechanical efficiency was only around 8.2-15.7% and 0.8-2.2% for shredding at feed rate of 60 kg/hr and 10 kg/hr respectively. It was also found that adopting a larger screen size and lower feed rate could reduce the specific shredding energy

Theory for the Doping Dependence of Spin Fluctuation Induced Shadow States in High-Tc_{c} Superconductors

We analyze the doping dependence of the intensity and energetical position of shadow states in high -T$_{c}$ superconductors within the 2D Hubbard model and using our recently developed numerical method for the self consistent summation of bubble and ladder diagrams. It is shown that shadow states resulting from short range antiferromagnetic correlations occur for small but finite excitation energies which decrease for decreasing doping, reflecting a dynamically broken symmetry with increasing lifetime. Simultanously, the intensity of these new states increases, the quasiparticle dispersion is strongly flattened, and a pseudogap in the density of states occurs. Finally, we discuss the importance of flat bands at the Fermi level and nesting of the Fermi surface as general prerequisites for the observability of shadow states.Comment: 9 pages (TeX) with 3 figures (Postscript

Electronic Theory for Bilayer-Effects in High-T_c Superconductors

The normal and the superconducting state of two coupled CuO_2 layers in the High-T_c superconductors are investigated by using the bilayer Hubbard model, the FLEX approximation on the real frequency axis and the Eliashberg theory. We find that the planes are antiferromagnetically correlated which leads to a strongly enhanced shadow band formation. Furthermore, the inter-layer hopping is renormalized which causes a blocking of the quasi particle inter-plane transfer for low doping concentrations. Finally, the superconducting order parameter is found to have a d_{x^2-y^2} symmetry with significant additional inter-layer contributions.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, 4 postscript figure

Electronic Theory for the Transition from Fermi-Liquid to Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior in High-Tc_{c} Superconductors

We analyze the breakdown of Fermi-liquid behavior within the 2D Hubbard model as function of doping using our recently developed numerical method for the self consistent summation of bubble and ladder diagrams. For larger doping concentrations the system behaves like a conventional Fermi-liquid and for intermediate doping similar to a marginal Fermi-liquid. However, for smaller doping pronounced deviations from both pictures occur which are due to the increasing importance of the short range antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. This is closely related to the experimental observed shadow states in the normal state of high-$T_c$ superconductors. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of our results for transport experiments.Comment: 11 pages (REVTeX) with 4 figures (Postscript

The signals of FGFs on the neurogenesis of embryonic stem cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neural induction is a complex process and the detailed mechanism of FGF-induced neurogenesis remains unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>By using a serum-free neural induction method, we showed that FGF1 dose-dependently promoted the induction of Sox1/N-cadherin/nestin triple positive cells, which represent primitive neuroblasts, from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We demonstrated that FGF1, FGF2, and FGF4, but not FGF8b, enhanced this neurogenesis. Especially, FGF-enhanced neurogenesis is not mediated through the rescue of the apoptosis or the enhancement of the proliferation of Sox1⁺cells. We further indicated that the inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) and extracellular signal-related kinase-2 (ERK-2), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inhibited the neural formation through the inhibition of ES differentiation, but not through the formation of endomesodermal cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These lines of evidence delineated the roles of FGF downstream signals in the early neural differentiation of ES cells.</p