302 research outputs found
Comment on “On the dual emission of p-dimethylaminobenzonitrile and its photophysical implications”.
Chain length dependence of intramolecular excimer formation with 1,n-bis(1-pyrenylcarboxy)alkanes for n = 1-16, 22, and 32.
Decay times of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile in acetonitrile and conclusions on entropy of activation.
External electric field effects on absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile in a polymer film.
Intramolecular charge transfer with 1-tert-butyl-6-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (NTC6) and other aminobenzonitriles. A comparison of experimental vapor phase spectra and crystal structures with calculations.
Excited state structure of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile studied by femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.
Performance of triage systems in emergency care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective
To assess and compare the performance
of triage systems for identifying high and low-urgency
patients in the emergency department (ED).
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources EMBASE, Medline OvidSP, Cochrane
central, Web of science and CINAHL databases from 1980
to 2016 with the final update in December 2018.
Eligibility criteria Studies that evaluated an emergency
medical triage system, assessed validity using any
reference standard as proxy for true patient urgency and
were written in English. Studies conducted in low(er)
income countries, based on case scenarios or involving
less than 100 patients were excluded.
Review methods
Reviewers identified studies,
extracted data and assessed the quality of the evidence
independently and in duplicate. The Quality Assessment
of studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic
Reviews -2 checklist was used to assess risk of bias. Raw
data were extracted to create 2×2 tables and calculate
sensitivity and specificity. ED patient volume and casemix
severity of illness were investigated as determinants of
triage systems’ performance.
Results
Sixty-six eligible studies evaluated 33 different
triage systems. Comparisons were restricted to the three
triage systems that had at least multiple evaluations using
the same reference standard (Canadian Triage and Acuity
Scale, Emergency Severity Index and Manchester Triage
System). Overall, validity of each triage system to identify
high and low-urgency patients was moderate to good, but
performance was highly variable. In a subgroup analysis,
no clear association was found between ED patient
volume or casemix severity of illness and triage systems’
performance.
Conclusions
Established triage systems show a
reasonable validity for the triage of patients at the ED,
but performance varies considerably. Important research
questions that remain are what determinants influence
triage systems’ performance and how the performance of
existing triage systems can be improved
Emergency medical services utilisation among febrile children attending emergency departments across Europe: an observational multicentre study
Children constitute 6-10% of all patients attending the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical services (EMS). However, discordant EMS use in children occurs in 37-61% with fever as an important risk factor. We aimed to describe EMS utilisation among febrile children attending European EDs. This study is part of an observational multicentre study assessing management and outcome in febrile children up to 18 years (MOFICHE) attending twelve EDs in eight European countries. Discordant EMS use was defined as the absence of markers of urgency including intermediate/high triage urgency, advanced diagnostics, treatment, and admission in children transferred by EMS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between (1) EMS use and markers of urgency, and (2) patient characteristics and discordant EMS use after adjusting all analyses for the covariates age, gender, visiting hours, presenting symptoms, and ED setting. A total of 5464 (15%, range 0.1-42%) children attended the ED by EMS. Markers of urgency were more frequently present in the EMS group compared with the non-EMS group. Discordant EMS use occurred in 1601 children (29%, range 1-59%). Age and gender were not associated with discordant EMS use, whereas neurological symptoms were associated with less discordant EMS use (aOR 0.2, 95%CI 0.1-0.2), and attendance out of office hours was associated with more discordant EMS use (aOR 1.6, 95%CI 1.4-1.9). Settings with higher percentage of self-referrals to the ED had more discordant EMS use (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is large practice variation in EMS use in febrile children attending European EDs. Markers of urgency were more frequently present in children in the EMS group. However, discordant EMS use occurred in 29%. Further research is needed on non-medical factors influencing discordant EMS use in febrile children across Europe, so that pre-emptive strategies can be implemented. What is Known: •Children constitute around 6-10% of all patients attending the emergency department by emergency medical services. •Discordant EMS use occurs in 37-61% of all children, with fever as most common presenting symptom for discordant EMS use in children. What is New: •There is large practice variation in EMS use among febrile children across Europe with discordance EMS use occurring in 29% (range 1-59%), which was associated with attendance during out of office hours and with settings with higher percentage of self-referrals to the ED. •Future research is needed focusing on non-medical factors (socioeconomic status, parental preferences and past experience, healthcare systems, referral pathways, out of hours services provision) that influence discordant EMS use in febrile children across Europe
Rapid Viral Testing and Antibiotic Prescription in Febrile Children with Respiratory Symptoms Visiting Emergency Departments in Europe
Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 668303 and No. 848196. The Research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres at Imperial College London, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. For the remaining authors no sources of funding were declared. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Background. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing often occurs in children with self-limiting respiratory tract infections, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. It has been suggested that rapid viral testing can reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. We aimed to assess the association between rapid viral testing at the Emergency Department (ED) and antibiotic prescription in febrile children. Methods. This study is part of the MOFICHE study, which is an observational multicenter study including routine data of febrile children (0-18 years) attending 12 European EDs. In children with respiratory symptoms visiting 6 EDs equipped with rapid viral testing, we performed multivariable logistic regression analysis regarding rapid viral testing and antibiotic prescription adjusted for patient characteristics, disease severity, diagnostic tests, focus of infection, admission, and ED. Results. A rapid viral test was performed in 1061 children (8%) and not performed in 11,463 children. Rapid viral test usage was not associated with antibiotic prescription (aOR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8-1.1). A positive rapid viral test was associated with less antibiotic prescription compared with children without test performed (aOR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.8), which remained significant after adjustment for CRP and chest radiograph result. Twenty percent of the positively tested children received antibiotics. A negative rapid viral test was not associated with antibiotic prescription (aOR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4). Conclusions. Rapid viral test usage did not reduce overall antibiotic prescription, whereas a positive rapid viral test did reduce antibiotic prescription at the ED. Implementation of rapid viral testing in routine emergency care and compliance to the rapid viral test outcome will reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing at the ED.publishersversionPeer reviewe
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