Focal Increased Radiopharmaceutical Uptake Differentiation Using Quantitative Indices

Focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in a lesion results in focal Hot Spots in the scans. This can occur in benign infective or inflammatory disorders and cancerous diseases as well. Comparison between malignant and benign lesions is important. The Hot spots can be classified into benign and malignant lesions by Spatial Scintimetry or Temporal Scintimetry. Spatial Scintimetry compares the uptake in the region of interest with the adjacent tissue or the unaffected contralateral site. The quantitative indices are lesion/non lesion ratio, lesion/background activity and lesion to Bone ratio etc. The Temporal Scintimetry relies on the changes in the counts or uptake in the Hotspot lesion with reference to the dual point time of acquisition. The Hotspot in the bone scan can be classified using the quantitative index of retention ratio by Dr. V. Siva and Israel. In PET studies the focal hot spots can be differentiated into benign and malignant lesion using the dual phase PETCT evaluation using the Rong’s Retention ratio and Dr. V. Siva’s modified RRI values

Design and Development of a Mini-Orange Magnetic Spectrometer with Multichannel Facility for Conversion Electron Spectroscopy

Background: Conventional magnetic spectrometers used for conversion electron detection are very cumbersome, require strong magnetic fields and the spectra have to be scanned point by point and have very low transmission. A magnetic filter using permanent magnets and an Si(Li) detector would facilitate multichannel analysis with high transmission. The mini-orange is a new type of spectrometer for conversion electrons combining a solid state Si(Li) detector with a filter of permanent magnets around a central absorber of lead.Purpose: An indigenously developed magnetic spectrometer if optimized properly would be of great use in conversion electron spectroscopy for both online and offline experiments. Methods: A Mini-Orange magnetic spectrometer made of small permanent magnets has been designed and developed indigenously and optimized for its best performance condition. The transmission curves for different energy regions are plotted using the conversion electron spectra from the standard gamma transitions from 153Gd, 169Yb and 131Ba decays. The optimized spectrometer facilitates multichannel acquisition of conversion electron spectra for precision electron spectroscopy. The system also can be used in in-beam experiments with minor modifications of the vacuum chamber.Results: The optimized spectrometer was used for precision electron spectroscopy. Experimental transmission curves are then obtained by plotting Transmission (T) against the corresponding electron energy for low energy, medium energy and a broad energy range. Out of the several experiments done the optimum settings for f and g, that resulted in this curve, is identified at f = 7.5 cm and g = 4.5 cm. Conclusions: The optimized spectrometer facilitates multichannel acquisition of conversion electron spectra for precision electron spectroscopy. The system also can be used in in-beam experiments with minor modifications of the vacuum chamber

Mass Attenuation Coefficient Measurements of Some Nanocarbon Allotropes: A New Hope for Better Low Cost Less-Cumbersome Radiation Shielding Over A Wide Energy Range

The mass attenuation coefficients of graphene, MWNTs and, SWNTs have been measured for gamma energy range 356 to 1332 keV from the radioactive sources 60Co, 133Ba and 137Cs using a well calibrated gamma ray spectrometer consisting of a 3 ́ ́x 3 ́ ́ NaI(Tl) scintillation detector coupled to a PC based 8K nuclear Multi Channel Analyser (MCA). In an interesting way results showed that MWNTs had the highest values of mass attenuation coefficients indicating their potential use as the best shielding material

<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#111111;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-IN">Measurement of α_K, α_L and α_M of the hindered E₃ transition in ¹⁰³Rh</span>

87-91The K, L and M internal conversion coefficients of the 39.76 keV 7/2+ →1/2 ̅ hindered transition in 103Rh are measured, using the normalized peak to gamma method. A Mini-orange electron spectrometer and a HPGe detector system have been employed for the study αM is being reported for the first time. The present study confirms the systematics of large deviations of experimental ICC of highly hindered high multipole transitions from the theoretical values

Spin-parity assignments to levels in the very-neutron-rich nucleus ¹¹³Rh

553-559Spins and parities have been assigned to the low-lying energy levels in the very neutron-rich Z=45 nucleus 113Rh identified in beta decay of the exotic fission fragment 113Ru. The assignments are based on the experimental intensities and log ft values, gamma energies, intensities, branchings and multi-polarities deduced from 113Ru decay, taken together with the trends for the analogous levels and their comparative feedings and decays in the lighter n-rich Rh isotopes with A=105-111, and the supporting model considerations. No abrupt pattern changes are noticed for this N=68 nucleus lying just beyond the N=66 mid shell point. Whereas the low-lying positive parity level energies show very little variation or a slow decreasing trend, the negative parity level energies are seen to rise sharply with the addition of successive neutron pairs. The intruder band, having reached minimum energy in the N=64 isotope109Rh, appears to have a parabolic increase on either side

Low-lying intrinsic structures in

Low-lying two-quasiparticle bandhead energies for the Z = 99 odd-odd nucleus 254Es are evaluated using a simple phenomenological model with the inclusion of the residual p-n interaction. Configurations of the intrinsic levels directly fed in 254Es from the parent 258Md are discussed in the light of this model. Our analysis predicts the occurrence of ten K≤5 bandheads in 254Es with excitation energies E x≤300keV. Structures of these as yet unidentified low-lying intrinsic levels and their expected locations are discussed in the light of available experimental information

Conversion electron measurements and determination of rotational parameters in

Conversion electron and gamma spectroscopic measurements were carried out on the 160.44d 177m Lu decay with a mini-orange electron transporter coupled to a Si(Li) detector and a large-volume HPGe detector. Conversion electron intensities and internal conversion coefficients of 32 transitions in the two nuclei were obtained by the Normalized Peak to Gamma method. Of these, many are being reported for the first time. Mixing ratios were determined for the M1 + E2 transitions of the rotational bands 7/2+[404] in 177Lu , 7/2−[514] and 9/2+[624] in 177Hf populated by the isomer’s decay. The value of the rotational parameter |(g K − g R )/Q 0| was calculated for all the three bands. A revised decay scheme is proposed for 177m Lu