321 research outputs found
Electron-Phonon Interacation in Quantum Dots: A Solvable Model
The relaxation of electrons in quantum dots via phonon emission is hindered
by the discrete nature of the dot levels (phonon bottleneck). In order to
clarify the issue theoretically we consider a system of discrete fermionic
states (dot levels) coupled to an unlimited number of bosonic modes with the
same energy (dispersionless phonons). In analogy to the Gram-Schmidt
orthogonalization procedure, we perform a unitary transformation into new
bosonic modes. Since only of them couple to the fermions, a
numerically exact treatment is possible. The formalism is applied to a GaAs
quantum dot with only two electronic levels. If close to resonance with the
phonon energy, the electronic transition shows a splitting due to quantum
mechanical level repulsion. This is driven mainly by one bosonic mode, whereas
the other two provide further polaronic renormalizations. The numerically exact
results for the electron spectral function compare favourably with an analytic
solution based on degenerate perturbation theory in the basis of shifted
oscillator states. In contrast, the widely used selfconsistent first-order Born
approximation proves insufficient in describing the rich spectral features.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
On the validity of the Franck-Condon principle in the optical spectroscopy: optical conductivity of the Fr\"{o}hlich polaron
The optical absorption of the Fr\"{o}hlich polaron model is obtained by an
approximation-free Diagrammatic Monte Carlo method and compared with two new
approximate approaches that treat lattice relaxation effects in different ways.
We show that: i) a strong coupling expansion, based on the the Franck-Condon
principle, well describes the optical conductivity for large coupling strengths
(); ii) a Memory Function Formalism with phonon broadened levels
reproduces the optical response for weak coupling strengths ()
taking the dynamic lattice relaxation into account. In the coupling regime
the optical conductivity is a rapidly changing superposition of
both Franck-Condon and dynamic contributions.Comment: accepted for publication in PR
A Study Of A New Class Of Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger Equations
A new class of 1D discrete nonlinear Schrdinger Hamiltonians
with tunable nonlinerities is introduced, which includes the integrable
Ablowitz-Ladik system as a limit. A new subset of equations, which are derived
from these Hamiltonians using a generalized definition of Poisson brackets, and
collectively refered to as the N-AL equation, is studied. The symmetry
properties of the equation are discussed. These equations are shown to possess
propagating localized solutions, having the continuous translational symmetry
of the one-soliton solution of the Ablowitz-Ladik nonlinear
Schrdinger equation. The N-AL systems are shown to be suitable
to study the combined effect of the dynamical imbalance of nonlinearity and
dispersion and the Peierls-Nabarro potential, arising from the lattice
discreteness, on the propagating solitary wave like profiles. A perturbative
analysis shows that the N-AL systems can have discrete breather solutions, due
to the presence of saddle center bifurcations in phase portraits. The
unstaggered localized states are shown to have positive effective mass. On the
other hand, large width but small amplitude staggered localized states have
negative effective mass. The collison dynamics of two colliding solitary wave
profiles are studied numerically. Notwithstanding colliding solitary wave
profiles are seen to exhibit nontrivial nonsolitonic interactions, certain
universal features are observed in the collison dynamics. Future scopes of this
work and possible applications of the N-AL systems are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, revtex4, xmgr, gn
Effects of Lattice and Molecular Phonons on Photoinduced Neutral-to-Ionic Transition Dynamics in Tetrathiafulvalene--Chloranil
For electronic states and photoinduced charge dynamics near the neutral-ionic
transition in the mixed-stack charge-transfer complex
tetrathiafulvalene--chloranil (TTF-CA), we review the effects of Peierls
coupling to lattice phonons modulating transfer integrals and Holstein
couplings to molecular vibrations modulating site energies. The former
stabilizes the ionic phase and reduces discontinuities in the phase transition,
while the latter stabilizes the neutral phase and enhances the discontinuities.
To reproduce the experimentally observed ionicity, optical conductivity and
photoinduced charge dynamics, both couplings are quantitatively important. In
particular, strong Holstein couplings to form the highly-stabilized neutral
phase are necessary for the ionic phase to be a Mott insulator with large
ionicity. A comparison with the observed photoinduced charge dynamics indicates
the presence of strings of lattice dimerization in the neutral phase above the
transition temperature.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
The Yellow Excitonic Series of Cu2O Revisited by Lyman Spectroscopy
We report on the observation of the yellow exciton Lyman series up to the
fourth term in Cu2O by time-resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy. The dependence
of the oscillator strength on the principal quantum number n can be well
reproduced using the hydrogenic model including an AC dielectric constant, and
precise information on the electronic structure of the 1s exciton state can be
obtained. A Bohr radius a_{1s}=7.9 A and a 1s-2p transition dipole moment
\mu_{1s-2p}= 4.2 eA were found
Polaron Effective Mass, Band Distortion, and Self-Trapping in the Holstein Molecular Crystal Model
We present polaron effective masses and selected polaron band structures of
the Holstein molecular crystal model in 1-D as computed by the Global-Local
variational method over a wide range of parameters. These results are augmented
and supported by leading orders of both weak- and strong-coupling perturbation
theory. The description of the polaron effective mass and polaron band
distortion that emerges from this work is comprehensive, spanning weak,
intermediate, and strong electron-phonon coupling, and non-adiabatic, weakly
adiabatic, and strongly adiabatic regimes. Using the effective mass as the
primary criterion, the self-trapping transition is precisely defined and
located. Using related band-shape criteria at the Brillouin zone edge, the
onset of band narrowing is also precisely defined and located. These two lines
divide the polaron parameter space into three regimes of distinct polaron
structure, essentially constituting a polaron phase diagram. Though the
self-trapping transition is thusly shown to be a broad and smooth phenomenon at
finite parameter values, consistency with notion of self-trapping as a critical
phenomenon in the adiabatic limit is demonstrated. Generalizations to higher
dimensions are considered, and resolutions of apparent conflicts with
well-known expectations of adiabatic theory are suggested.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figure
Ab initio Green's function formalism for band structures
Using the Green's function formalism, an ab initio theory for band structures
of crystals is derived starting from the Hartree-Fock approximation. It is
based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme for the self-energy
which is formulated for crystal orbitals (CO-ADC). In this approach, the poles
of the Green's function are determined by solving a suitable Hermitian
eigenvalue problem. The method is not only applicable to the outer valence and
conduction bands, it is also stable for inner valence bands where strong
electron correlations are effective. The key to the proposed scheme is to
evaluate the self-energy in terms of Wannier orbitals before transforming it to
a crystal momentum representation. Exploiting the fact that electron
correlations are mainly local, one can truncate the lattice summations by an
appropriate configuration selection scheme. This yields a flat configuration
space; i.e., its size scales only linearly with the number of atoms per unit
cell for large systems and, under certain conditions, the computational effort
to determine band structures also scales linearly. As a first application of
the new formalism, a lithium fluoride crystal has been chosen. A minimal basis
set description is studied, and a satisfactory agreement with previous
theoretical and experimental results for the fundamental band gap and the width
of the F 2p valence band complex is obtained.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX4, new section on lithium
fluorid
Theory of optical spectra of polar quantum wells: Temperature effects
Theoretical and numerical calculations of the optical absorption spectra of
excitons interacting with longitudinal-optical phonons in quasi-2D polar
semiconductors are presented. In II-VI semiconductor quantum wells, exciton
binding energy can be tuned on- and off-resonance with the longitudinal-optical
phonon energy by varying the quantum well width. A comprehensive picture of
this tunning effect on the temperature-dependent exciton absorption spectrum is
derived, using the exciton Green's function formalism at finite temperature.
The effective exciton-phonon interaction is included in the Bethe-Salpeter
equation. Numerical results are illustrated for ZnSe-based quantum wells. At
low temperatures, both a single exciton peak as well as a continuum resonance
state are found in the optical absorption spectra. By contrast, at high enough
temperatures, a splitting of the exciton line due to the real phonon absorption
processes is predicted. Possible previous experimental observations of this
splitting are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B. Permanent address:
[email protected]
Ultrahigh Bandwidth Spin Noise Spectroscopy: Detection of Large g-Factor Fluctuations in Highly n-Doped GaAs
We advance all optical spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) in semiconductors to
detection bandwidths of several hundred gigahertz by employing an ingenious
scheme of pulse trains from ultrafast laser oscillators as an optical probe.
The ultrafast SNS technique avoids the need for optical pumping and enables
nearly perturbation free measurements of extremely short spin dephasing times.
We employ the technique to highly n-doped bulk GaAs where magnetic field
dependent measurements show unexpected large g-factor fluctuations.
Calculations suggest that such large g-factor fluctuations do not necessarily
result from extrinsic sample variations but are intrinsically present in every
doped semiconductor due to the stochastic nature of the dopant distribution.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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