12,766 research outputs found
The mass ratio distribution of short period double degenerate stars
Short period double degenerates (DDs) are close white dwarf - white dwarf
binary stars which are the result of the evolution of interacting binary stars.
We present the first definitive measurements of the mass ratio for two DDs,
WD0136+768 and WD1204+450, and an improved measurement of the mass ratio for
WD0957-666. We compare the properties of the 6 known DDs with measured mass
ratios to the predictions of various theoretical models. We confirm the result
that standard models for the formation of DDs do not predict sufficient DDs
with mass ratios near 1. We also show that the observed difference in cooling
ages between white dwarfs in DDs is a useful constraint on the initial mass
ratio of the binary. A more careful analysis of the properties of the white
dwarf pair WD1704+481.2 leads us to conclude that the brighter white dwarf is
older than its fainter companion. This is the opposite of the usual case for
DDs and is caused by the more massive white dwarf being smaller and cooling
faster. The mass ratio in the sense (mass of younger star)/(mass of older star)
is then 1.43+-0.06 rather than the value 0.70+-0.03 given previously.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
The triple degenerate star WD1704+481
WD1704+481 is a visual binary in which both components are white dwarfs. We
present spectra of the H-alpha line of both stars which show that one component
(WD1704+481.2 = Sanduleak B = GR 577) is a close binary with two white dwarf
components. Thus, WD1704+481 is the first known triple degenerate star. From
radial velocity measurements of the close binary we find an orbital period of
0.1448d, a mass ratio, q=Mbright/Mfaint of q=0.70+-0.03 and a difference in the
gravitational redshifts of 11.5+-2.3km/s. The masses of the close pair of white
dwarfs predicted by the mass ratio and gravitational redshift difference
combined with theoretical cooling curves are 0.39+-0.05 solar mass and
0.56+-0.07 solar masses. WD1704+481 is therefore also likely to be the first
example of a double degenerate in which the less massive white dwarf is
composed of helium and the other white dwarf is composed of carbon and oxygen.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Orbital periods of the binary sdB stars PG0940+068 and PG1247+554
We have used the radial velocity variations of two sdB stars previously
reported to be binaries to establish their orbital periods. They are
PG0940+068, (P=8.33d) and PG1247+554 (P=0.599d). The minimum masses of the
unseen companions, assuming a mass of 0.5 solar masses for the sdB stars, are
0.090 +/- 0.003 solar masses for PG1247+554 and 0.63 +/- 0.02 solar masses for
PG0940+068. The nature of the companions is not constrained further by our
data.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Statistical analysis of general aviation VG-VGH data
To represent the loads spectra of general aviation aircraft operating in the Continental United States, VG and VGH data collected since 1963 in eight operational categories were processed and analyzed. Adequacy of data sample and current operational categories, and parameter distributions required for valid data extrapolation were studied along with envelopes of equal probability of exceeding the normal load factor (n sub z) versus airspeed for gust and maneuver loads and the probability of exceeding current design maneuver, gust, and landing impact n sub z limits. The significant findings are included
Public Evidence from Secret Ballots
Elections seem simple---aren't they just counting? But they have a unique,
challenging combination of security and privacy requirements. The stakes are
high; the context is adversarial; the electorate needs to be convinced that the
results are correct; and the secrecy of the ballot must be ensured. And they
have practical constraints: time is of the essence, and voting systems need to
be affordable and maintainable, and usable by voters, election officials, and
pollworkers. It is thus not surprising that voting is a rich research area
spanning theory, applied cryptography, practical systems analysis, usable
security, and statistics. Election integrity involves two key concepts:
convincing evidence that outcomes are correct and privacy, which amounts to
convincing assurance that there is no evidence about how any given person
voted. These are obviously in tension. We examine how current systems walk this
tightrope.Comment: To appear in E-Vote-Id '1
ââThereâs so much more to it than what I initially thoughtââ: Stepping into researchersâ shoes with a class activity in a first year psychology survey course
In psychology, it is widely agreed that research methods, although central to the discipline, are particularly challenging to learn and teach, particularly at introductory level. This pilot study explored the potential of embedding a student-conducted research activity in a one-semester undergraduate Introduction to Psychology survey course, with the aims of (a) engaging students with the topic of research methods; (b) developing studentsâ comprehension and application of research methods concepts; and (c) building studentsâ ability to link research with theory. The research activity explored shoe ownership, examining gender differences and relationships with age, and linking to theories of gender difference and of consumer identity. The process of carrying out the research and reflecting on it created a contextualized, active learning environment in which students themselves raised many issues that research methods lectures seek to cover. Students also wrote richer assignments than standard first year mid-term essay
A mystery solved: the mass ratio of the dwarf nova EM Cygni
We have discovered that the spectrum of the well-known dwarf nova EM Cyg is
contaminated by light from a K2-5V star (in addition to the K-type mass donor
star). The K2-5V star contributes approximately 16 per cent of the light from
the system and if not taken into account has a considerable effect upon radial
velocity measurements of the mass donor star. We obtain a new radial velocity
amplitude for the mass donor star of K2 = 202 +/- 3 km/s, which compares with
the value of K2 = 135 +/- 3 km/s obtained in Stover, Robinson & Nather's
classic 1981 study of EM Cyg. The revised value of the amplitude combined with
a measurement of rotational broadening of the mass donor vsini = 140 +/- 6
km/s, leads to a new mass ratio of q = M2/M1 = 0.88 +/- 0.05. This solves a
long standing problem with EM Cyg because Stover et al.'s measurements
indicated a mass ratio q > 1, a value which should have led to dynamically
unstable mass transfer for the secondary mass deduced by Stover et al. The
revised value of the mass ratio combined with the orbital inclination i = 67
+/- 2 degrees leads to masses of 0.99 +/- 0.12 Msun and 1.12 +/- 0.08 Msun for
the mass donor and white dwarf respectively. The mass donor is evolved, since
it has a later spectral type (K3) than its mass would imply. We discuss whether
the K star could be physically associated with EM Cyg or not, and present the
results of the spectroscopic study.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Review of Engaging Education: Developing Emotional Literacy, Equity and Co-education. Brian Matthews. (Book Review)
The book is only about a fraction of its title Engaging Education. His section on âengaging the emotionsâ sums this up: whereas the book is largely about engaging the emotions positively, the definition of âEngagingâ is more far reaching: âthat pupils should be involved in their learning; be active and absorbed and not just passive recipients of a set curriculum. Additionally, they should feel engaged in the processes of education and have some input into creating their own agendas for learningâ (p.2). Exploring the full impact of this statement across the curriculum really needs a different book
Overcoming Language Dichotomies: Toward Effective Program Comprehension for Mobile App Development
Mobile devices and platforms have become an established target for modern
software developers due to performant hardware and a large and growing user
base numbering in the billions. Despite their popularity, the software
development process for mobile apps comes with a set of unique, domain-specific
challenges rooted in program comprehension. Many of these challenges stem from
developer difficulties in reasoning about different representations of a
program, a phenomenon we define as a "language dichotomy". In this paper, we
reflect upon the various language dichotomies that contribute to open problems
in program comprehension and development for mobile apps. Furthermore, to help
guide the research community towards effective solutions for these problems, we
provide a roadmap of directions for future work.Comment: Invited Keynote Paper for the 26th IEEE/ACM International Conference
on Program Comprehension (ICPC'18
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