Thermal Control of Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances

Plasmonic metasurfaces exhibiting collective responses known as surface lattice resonances (SLRs) show potential for realizing tunable and flat photonic components for wavelength-selective processes, including lasing and optical nonlinearities. However, post-fabrication tuning of SLRs remains challenging, limiting the applicability of SLR-based components. Here, we demonstrate how the properties of high quality factor SLRs are easily modified by breaking the symmetry of the nanoparticle surroundings. We break the symmetry by changing the refractive index of the overlying immersion oil simply by controlling the ambient temperature of the device. We show that already modest temperature changes of 10{\deg}C can increase the quality factor of the investigated SLR from 400 to 750. Our results demonstrate accurate and reversible modification of the properties of the SLRs, paving the way towards tunable SLR-based photonic devices. On a more general level, our results demonstrate how symmetry breaking of the surrounding dielectric environment can be utilized for efficient and potentially ultrafast modification of the SLR properties

Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation from Metasurfaces Inside Multipass Cells

We demonstrate a simple and scalable approach to increase conversion efficiencies of nonlinear metasurfaces by incorporating them into multipass cells and by letting the pump beam to interact with the metasurfaces multiple times. We experimentally show that by metasurface design, the associated phase-matching criteria can be fulfilled. As a proof of principle, we achieve phase matching of second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a metasurface consisting of aluminium nanoparticles deposited on a glass substrate. The phase-matching condition is verified to be achieved by measuring superlinear dependence of the detected SHG as a function of number of passes. We measure an order of magnitude enhancement in the SHG signal when the incident pump traverses the metasurface up to 9 passes. Results are found to agree well with a simple model developed to estimate the generated SHG signals. We also discuss strategies to further scale-up the nonlinear signal generation. Our approach provides a clear pathway to enhance nonlinear optical responses of metasurface-based devices. The generic nature of our approach holds promise for diverse applications in nonlinear optics and photonics

Characterisation of a Coriolis flow meter for fuel consumption measurements in realistic drive cycle tests

When testing light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles on chassis dynamometers, as in the WLTP, or engines on engine test benches, as in the WHDC, it is required to measure the fuel consumption. In the preferable case, the measurement of the fuel consumption is carried out with suitable flow meters. These require high measurement accuracy in a wide flow range, independent of the fuel type, as the flow rate range is often very large and depends on the power range of the vehicle engines. Moreover, the fuel flow rate in the test cycles is very dynamically related to the loads. In the scope of the ongoing EMPIR Joint Research Project 20IND13 SAFEST the dynamic flow behaviour as well as the measurement accuracy of flow meters for different types of fuels are investigated. This paper presents first results from the realisation of dynamic flow profiles, and flow measurements with a Coriolis Flow Meter with different representative fuels in a wide density and viscosity range and a wide flow rate range at different fuel temperatures

Associations between Language at 2 Years and Literacy Skills at 7 Years in Preterm Children Born at Very Early Gestational Age and/or with Very Low Birth Weight

Preterm children (bor

Connectivity and Nitrate Uptake Potential of Intermittent Streams in the Northeast USA

Non-perennial streams dominate the extent of stream networks worldwide. Intermittent streams can provide ecosystem services to the entire network—including nitrate uptake to alleviate eutrophication of coastal waters—and are threatened by lack of legal protection. We examined 12 intermittent streams in the temperate, humid climate of the Northeast USA. Over 3 years of monitoring, continuous flow was observed a median of 277 d yr−1, with no-flow conditions from early summer into fall. Estimated median discharge was 2.9 L s−1 or 0.36mm d−1. All intermittent streams originated from source wetlands (median area: 0.27 ha) and the median length of the intermittent stream from the source wetland to the downstream perennial stream was 344m. Through regional geospatial analysis with high resolution orthophotography, we estimated that widely available, “high resolution” (1:24,000) hydrography databases (e.g., NHDPlus HR) only displayed 43% of the total number of intermittent streams. Whole-stream gross nitrate-N uptake rates were estimated at six intermittent streams during continuous flow conditions using pulse additions of nitrate and a conservative tracer. These rates displayed high temporal variability (range: no detect to over 6,000mg N m−1 d−1); hot moments were noted in nine of the 65 pulse additions. Whole-stream gross nitrate-N uptake rates were significantly inversely related to discharge, with no measurable rates above 7 L s−1. Temperature was significantly positively correlated with whole-stream gross nitrate-N uptake rates, with more hot moments in the spring. Microbial assays demonstrated that nitrate cycling in intermittent streams are consistent with results from low order, perennial forested streams and highlighted the importance of debris dams and pools—potential locations for transient storage. Our assessment suggests that intermittent streams in our region may annually contribute 24–47% of the flow to perennial streams and potentially remove 4.1 to 80.4 kg nitrate-N km−2 annually. If development in these areas continues, perennial streams are in danger of losing a portion of their headwaters and potential nitrate uptake areas may become nitrate sources to downstream areas. These results argue to manage fluvial systems with a holistic approach that couples intermittent and perennial components

Acute effects of oral mesna administration on the full amino acid profile and 3-methylhistidine: secondary results from the CYLOB dose-finding study

Plasma total cysteine (tCys) is strongly associated with fat mass in humans. Mesna lowers plasma tCys in a dose-dependent manner, but it is not known whether it interferes with metabolism of other amino acids or protein. In this Phase-1 study, we show that a single dose of mesna administered at 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 mg to 6–7 individuals per dose only slightly affects amino acid profiles, with increases in plasma valine across dose levels. There were no effects of mesna on 3-methylhistidine, a marker of protein breakdown

Effects of ATX-MS-1467 immunotherapy over 16 weeks in relapsing multiple sclerosis

Objective: To assess safety, tolerability and efficacy of the antigen-specific immunotherapy ATX-MS-1467 in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) using different treatment protocols to induce tolerance. Methods: Two open-label trials in adult participants with RMS. Study 1 was a multicentre Phase 1b safety evaluation comparing intradermal (i.d., Cohort 1) with subcutaneous (Cohort 2) administration in 43 participants. Both cohorts received ATX-MS-1467 dosed at 25, 50, 100, 400, and 800 μg at 14-day intervals over 8 weeks, followed by 8 weeks with 4 additional 800 μg doses at 14-day intervals and 32 weeks off study medication. Study 2 was a Phase 2a, multicentre, single-arm, trial enrolling 37 participants. ATX-MS-1467 was titrated from 50 µg i.d. on Day 1 to 200 µg on Day 15 and 800 µg on Day 29 followed by biweekly administration of 800 μg for 16 weeks and 16 weeks off study medication. Efficacy was evaluated on MRI parameters and clinical variables. Safety end points included treatment-emergent adverse events and injection-site reactions. Results: In Study 1 there was a significant decrease in new/persisting T1 GdE lesions in Cohort 1 from baseline to Week 16, returning to baseline values at week 48. In Study 2, the number of T1 GdE lesions were significantly reduced on treatment and remained reduced at study completion. Safety results were unremarkable in both studies. Conclusion: Relatively slow ATX-MS-1467 titration and a longer full-dose i.d. treatment period is associated with reduction in GdE lesions and a sustained effect post-treatment. Further trials of ATX-MS-1467 are warranted. Classification of Evidence: This work provides Class IV evidence that for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis, slow ATX-MS-1467 titration and a longer full-dose i.d. treatment period is associated with reduction in GdE lesions

Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation from Metasurfaces Inside Multipass Cells

We demonstrate a simple and scalable approach to increase conversion efficiencies of nonlinear metasurfaces by incorporating them into multipass cells and by letting the pump beam interact with the metasurfaces multiple times. We experimentally show that by metasurface design, the associated phase-matching criteria can be fulfilled. As a proof of principle, we achieve phase matching of second-harmonic generation (SHG) using a metasurface consisting of aluminum nanoparticles deposited on a glass substrate. The phase-matching condition is verified to be achieved by measuring the superlinear dependence of the detected SHG as a function of the number of passes. passes. Results are found to agree well with a simple model developed to estimate the generated SHG signals. We also discuss strategies to further scale up the nonlinear signal generation. Our approach provides a clear pathway to enhance nonlinear optical responses of metasurface-based devices. The generic nature of our approach holds promise for diverse applications in nonlinear optics and photonics.Peer reviewe