Determination of RF source power in WPSN using modulated backscattering

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations. During RF transmission energy consumed by critically energy-constrained sensor nodes in a WSN is related to the life time system, but the life time of the system is inversely proportional to the energy consumed by sensor nodes. In that regard, modulated backscattering (MB) is a promising design choice, in which sensor nodes send their data just by switching their antenna impedance and reflecting the incident signal coming from an RF source. Hence wireless passive sensor networks (WPSN) designed to operate using MB do not have the lifetime constraints. In this we are going to investigate the system analytically. To obtain interference-free communication connectivity with the WPSN nodes number of RF sources is determined and analyzed in terms of output power and the transmission frequency of RF sources, network size, RF source and WPSN node characteristics. The results of this paper reveal that communication coverage and RF Source Power can be practically maintained in WPSN through careful selection of design parametersComment: 10 pages; International Journal on Soft Computing (IJSC) Vol.3, No.1 (2012). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1001.5339 by other author

Polarographic Behaviour of Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ & Mn2+ Ions in Tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylamine & Their Simultaneous Determination in Ternary Mixtures

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Image Enhancement through Denoising and Retrieval of Vegetation Parameters from Landsat8

This paper proposed the enhancement of Landsat8 imagery through an Un-decimated Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (UDT-CWT) based denoising method and modified homographic filter for edge preservation. This work has been extended by estimating several vegetation parameters like Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MASVI), and Soil & Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (SARVI). Once the estimation of these parameters was done, the effect of noise was verified. Wavelet decomposes the image into frequency subbands and de-noises each subband separately. These subbands help to increase the resolution. The general problem of the homomorphic filter is that it doesn’t enhance the Low-frequency components which also play a key role in estimating Vegetation Indices (VI).So it was modified to enhance the high-frequency components as well as low-frequency details. Monitoring of vegetation parameters using remote sensing is one of the prominent ways in the estimation of crop yield, Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Water resource management, Drought management, etc. The high-resolution image is more preferable than moderate resolution image to retrieve VI. Image denoising and enhancing the spatial resolution helps to retrieve the parameters well and accurate. The proposed algorithm was working on the images of Landsat8

Denoising of Locally Received NOAA images for Remote Sensing Applications

Remote Sensing means capturing images of earth’s surface using satellites. Remote Sensing finds its applications in agriculture sector, climate studies, forest fire detection, pollution monitoring and oceanography etc. In this paper, NOAA images are considered as Remote Sensing images. NOAA images are directly received by using L Band antenna, located at Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh state, India. The received NOAA images are denoised using spatial and frequency domain denoising techniques with modified soft thresholding. The proposed thresholding technique preserves the green content of the image even after denoising by which accuracy of outcome can be increased in remote sensing applications. Comparison of the performance is done to prove that the proposed techniques are better than existing methods

Evolutionary Trends in True Time Delay Line Technologies for Timed Array Radars

Timed array technology is rapidly evolving in multiple areas such as high resolution imaging radar, automotive, medical, high data rate communication applications etc. Timed arrays by utilising True Time Delay (TTD) lines in place of phase shifters mitigate beam squint and pulse dispersion issues associated with wide instantaneous bandwidth arrays. This paper presents on review of evolutionary trends in TTD line architectures starting from coaxial cable to photonic integrated circuit. The paper also reports on critical parameters of TTD lines, their importance and implication in design of typical X-band imaging radar. Comparison of different TTD line architectures in terms of configuration, implementation, merits and demerits are discussed in detail for wideband array application. The paper also brings out the integration aspects of TTD lines as part of T/R modules and proposes suitable design schemes towards performance optimization and realisation of timed arrays

POWER OPTIMIZED MEMORY ORGANIZATION USING GATED DRIVER TREE

This project presents circuit design of a low-power delay buffer. The proposed delay buffer uses several new techniques to reduce its power consumption. Since delay buffers are accessed sequentially, it adopts a ring-counter addressing scheme. In the ring counter, double-edge-triggered (DET) flip-flops are utilized to reduce the operating frequency by half and the C-element gated-clock strategy is proposed. A novel gated-clock-driver tree is then applied to further reduce the activity along the clock distribution network. Moreover, the gated-driver-tree idea is also employed in the input and output ports of the memory block to decrease their loading, thus saving even more power. And also, we are presenting less area over head in this project by using FIFO (First In First Out) technique. FIFO is a technique, which is having the capability to store the DATA with out any write operation and retrieving the DATA without any read operation

Dual Polarization of Antenna for Wireless Applications

An antenna can be designed with simple inductance and capacitance (LC) circuit. The resonant frequency can be introduce with C-shaped cut to increase the inductance value L without affecting any disturbance for parallel capacitor C. This paper presents a design of an antenna with C shaped metamaterials for polarization. The T-shape is used as feed to C slot cut metamaterials for widen bandwidth. This can be used for short range two way communications which provides low cost profil

DESIGN OF RADIX-8 MODIFIED BOOTH ENCODED BASED MODULO 2n+1 MULTIPLIER USING HARD MULTIPLE GENERATOR

The method 2n + 1 multiplier is the congestion of a wide drift of applications from silt collection structure arithmetic to cryptanalysis. Recently, with the request for low-power and energy-efficient designs, the radix-8 Booth recoding archaic considered to evolve modulo 2n + 1 multipliers. This temporary presents two different manners to raise the performance and improve the competence of radix-8 modulo 2n + 1 multipliers. The first skill is a manner to far cut down on the part of bias terms that need afterlife organized. The assist routine is a new hard numerous alternator stationed on a parallel-prefix network that computer only for odd positions; it gravitates a lightweight parallel prefix adder for the computing of a third of a portion with significant area-saving and upgraded fan-out. The implementation results positioned on the TSMC 65-nm robotics show improvements of not fully 27% and meantime 57% in the area–time2 stock when compared with the lately planned radix-8 multiplier