Reinforcement Schemes for CFS Joists Having Web Openings

The Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing - Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings, AISI S230-07, as well as other industry span and load tables are based on the standard web openings (i.e., punchouts), as defined in the North American Standard for Cold- Formed Steel Framing - Product Data, AISI S201-07. Presented in this report are the findings from an extensive testing program conducted at McMaster University on full-scale floor joists having larger web openings. Presented is an initial Final Report (86 pages) that was issued by the researcher in March 2007, as well as the results of Additional Testing (7 pages) that was received from the researcher in April 2008. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be incorporated in future standards developed by the AISI Committee on Framing Standards and design aids developed by the Cold-Formed Steel Engineers Institute

Evaluation and Modelling of the Material Properties for Analysis of Cold-formed Steel Sections

The results of two series of experimental investigations to evaluate the mechanical properties and the residual stresses of cold-formed steel (CFS) sections are reported in this paper. These investigations were performed on channel-shaped CFS sections manufactured using cold-roll forming technique. Tensile coupon tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties at different positions of the channel sections. Electrical resistance strain gauges with an Electrical Discharge Machining cutting technique were used to establish the magnitudes and the distributions of residual stresses within the channel sections. Based on the experimental results, appropriate analysis models for the stress-strain relationship, the variation of the yield strength, and the residual stresses in CFS channel sections are established. These models are incorporated within a large deformation shell finite element to form a model for cold-formed steel sections. The finite element model is evaluated against experimental results of CFSsections in compression

Effectiveness of cold hip bath on patients with early Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Global prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is continually rising with social, health, and economic consequences. As a result the burden of complications of diabetes mellitus is on the raise and is the leading cause for the mortality and morbidity related to diabetes mellitus. The current conventional therapies are not effective in controlling complications in diabetes mellitus from occurring, previous researches have shown that cold hip bath is one of the effective therapies in managing diabetes mellitus type II also preventing complications in a cost effective manner. AIM OF THE STUDY: Identify the effect of cold hip bath on patients with early type II Diabetes Mellitus – A randomized control trial. METHODOLOGY: Total 71 subjects were recruited in for the study who are pre diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II and who are known diabetic for no more than 5 years. After satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria along with informed consent. They were randomly sorted into intervention and control group. Out of the 71 there were 11 drop outs 6 from intervention group, 5 from control group. Both groups were assessed for blood sugar both fasting and post pranidal levels once every 3 days for a period of 6 weeks. RESULTS: The data collected from the values of FBS and PPBS will be analyzed by analysis for change from base line by paired T test for PPBS, analysis for change from base line by Wilcoson signed rank test for FBS, analysis between the groups by Maan whitney test Multivariate Analysis of variance for relationship. CONCLUSION: At the end of the study it can be said that the Hip Bath is an effective adjuvant therapy along with conventional medicine to significantly reduce the blood sugar levels

Identifying COPD in routinely collected electronic health records: a systematic scoping review

Although routinely collected electronic health records (EHRs) are widely used to examine outcomes related to COPD, consensus regarding the identification of cases from electronic healthcare databases is lacking. We systematically examine and summarise approaches from the recent literature. MEDLINE via EBSCOhost was searched for COPD-related studies using EHRs published from January 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019. Data were extracted relating to the case definition of COPD and determination of COPD severity and phenotypes. From 185 eligible studies, we found widespread variation in the definitions used to identify people with COPD in terms of code sets used (with 20 different code sets in use based on the ICD-10 classification alone) and requirement of additional criteria (relating to age (n=139), medication (n=31), multiplicity of events (n=21), spirometry (n=19) and smoking status (n=9)). Only seven studies used a case definition which had been validated against a reference standard in the same dataset. Various proxies of disease severity were used since spirometry results and patient-reported outcomes were not often available. To enable the research community to draw reliable insights from EHRs and aid comparability between studies, clear reporting and greater consistency of the definitions used to identify COPD and related outcome measures is key

Functional relevance of nonsynonymous mutations in the HIV-1 tat gene within an epidemiologically-linked transmission cohort

Here we investigated the nature and functional consequences of mutations in the HIV-1 tat gene within an epidemiologically-linked AIDS transmission cohort consisting of a non-progressing donor (A) and two normal progressing recipients (B and C). Multiple nonsynonymous mutations in the tat first exon were observed across time in all individuals. Some mutations demonstrated striking host specificity despite the cohort being infected with a common virus. Phylogenetic segregation of the tat clones at the time of progression to AIDS was also observed especially in recipient C. Tat clones supporting high levels of transactivation were present at all time points in all individuals, although a number of clones defective for transactivation were observed for recipient C in later time points. Here we show that the tat quasispecies in a linked transmission cohort diversify and evolve independently between hosts following transmission. It supports the belief that quasispecies variation in HIV-1 is a mechanism for selection towards defining a fitter gene variant that is capable of resisting the human immune system

Problems of identification among species of sardinella

In spite of several recent studies, confusion still surrounds on the identification of few Indian clupeoids sucfi as Sardinella, llisha and Thryssa because of their morphological similarity between species, which has severely restricted the useful biological studies CBabu Rao, 1962; Whitehead, 1973; Ramaiyan and Whitehead, 1975; and Wongratana, 1983). Of all the clupeids. the identification of the species of Sardinella by various authors based on meristic and morphomairic characters is often confusing. The identity of S. longiceps, S clupeoids, S. leiogaster, S. sirm based on few meristic and morphometric characters is relatively easy however, the same characters are not satisfactory for S. albelia. S. brachysoma, S. dayi, S. fimbriata, S. gibbosa, S. melanura and S. sirtdensis

Small Drusen and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study

We tested the hypothesis that large areas of small hard drusen (diameter \u3c63 μm) and intermediate drusen (diameter 63-124 μm) are associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eyes of 3344 older adults with at least 2 consecutive visits spaced 5 years apart over a 20-year period were included. A 6-level severity scale including no drusen, 4 levels of increasing area (from minimal (\u3c2596 μm2) to large (\u3e9086 μm2)) of only small hard drusen, and intermediate drusen was used. The 5-year incidence of AMD was 3% in eyes at the start of the interval with no, minimal, small, and moderate areas of only small drusen and 5% and 25% for eyes with large area of only small drusen and intermediate drusen, respectively. Compared to eyes with a moderate area of small drusen, the odds ratio (OR) of developing AMD in eyes with a large area of only small drusen was 1.8 (p \u3c 0.001). Compared to eyes with large area of only small drusen, eyes with intermediate drusen had an OR of 5.5 (p \u3c 0.001) of developing AMD. Our results are consistent with our hypothesis that large areas of only small drusen are associated with the incidence of AMD

Isolation and Characterisation of Genes Encoding Malate Synthesis and Transport Determinants in the Aluminum-Tolerant Australian Weeping-Grass (\u3cem\u3eMicrolaena Stipoides\u3c/em\u3e)

Acid soils cover some 40% of the Earth’s arable land where they represent a major limitation to plant production. Plant growth on acid soils is primarily limited due to aluminium (Al) solubilized by acidity into toxic Al3+ cations which will inhibit root growth resulting in poor uptake of water and nutrients. Many important pasture species lack sufficient Al tolerance within their germplasm to allow effective breeding for this character