Enhanced pharmacological efficacy of sumatriptan due to modification of its physicochemical properties by inclusion in selected cyclodextrins

The study focused on the pharmacological action of sumatriptan, in particular its antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties, as an effect of cyclodextrinic inclusion of sumatriptan, resulting in changes of its physicochemical qualities such as dissolution and permeability through artificial biological membranes, which had previously been examined in vitro in a gastro-intestinal model. The inclusion of sumatriptan into β-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxylpropylo-β-cyclodextrin by kneading was confirmed with the use of spectral (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with magic angle spinning condition, 1H and 13C MAS NMR) and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) methods. A precise indication of the domains of sumatriptan responsible for its interaction with cyclodextrin cavities was possible due to a theoretical approach to the analysis of experimental spectra. A high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector method (HPLC-DAD) was employed to determine changes in the concentration of sumatriptan during dissolution and permeability experiments. The inclusion of sumatriptan in complex with cyclodextrins was found to significantly modify its dissolution profiles by increasing the concentration of sumatriptan in complexed form in an acceptor solution compared to in its free form. Following complexation, sumatriptan manifested an enhanced ability to permeate through artificial biological membranes in a gastro-intestinal model for both cyclodextrins at all pH values. As a consequence of the greater permeability of sumatriptan and its increased dissolution from the complexes, an improved pharmacological response was observed when cyclodextrin complexes were applied

Passiflora incarnata attenuation of neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia apropos GABA-ergic and opioidergic antinociceptive and behavioural mechanisms

Background: Passiflora incarnata is widely used as an anxiolytic and sedative due to its putative GABAergic properties. Passiflora incarnata L. methanolic extract (PI-ME) was evaluated in an animal model of streptozotocininduced diabetic neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia in rats along with antinociceptive, anxiolytic and sedative activities in mice in order to examine possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: PI-ME was tested preliminary for qualitative phytochemical analysis and then quantitatively by proximate and GC-MS analysis. The antinociceptive property was evaluated using the abdominal constriction assay and hot plate test. The anxiolytic activity was performed in a stair case model and sedative activity in an open field test. The antagonistic activities were evaluated using naloxone and/or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). PI-ME was evaluated for prospective anti-allodynic and anti-vulvodynic properties in a rat model of streptozotocin induced neuropathic pain using the static and dynamic testing paradigms of mechanical allodynia and vulvodynia. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed that PI-ME contained predominant quantities of oleamide (9-octadecenamide), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, among other active constituents. In the abdominal constriction assay and hot plate test, PI-ME produced dose dependant, naloxone and pentylenetetrazole reversible antinociception suggesting an involvement of opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms. In the stair case test, PI-ME at 200 mg/kg increased the number of steps climbed while at 600 mg/kg a significant decrease was observed. The rearing incidence was diminished by PI-ME at all tested doses and in the open field test, PI-ME decreased locomotor activity to an extent that was analagous to diazepam. The effects of PI-ME were antagonized by PTZ in both the staircase and open field tests implicating GABAergic mechanisms in its anxiolytic and sedative activities. In the streptozotocin-induced neuropathic nociceptive model, PI-ME (200 and 300 mg/kg) exhibited static and dynamic anti-allodynic effects exemplified by an increase in paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency. PI-ME relieved only the dynamic component of vulvodynia by increasing flinching response latency. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Passiflora incarnata might be useful for treating neuropathic pain. The antinociceptive and behavioural findings inferring that its activity may stem from underlying opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms though a potential oleamide-sourced cannabimimetic involvement is also discussed

The PLC controls in learning of agricultural engineering

W pracy zaprezentowano informacje o nowej pracowni dydaktyczno-badawczej sterowników programowalnych w SGGW a szczególności omówiono rodzaje sterowników i modeli. Omówiono opracowany program wykładów i ćwiczeń, który został pozytywnie sprawdzony w czasie realizacji przedmiotu. Przedstawiono planowany rozwój i unowocześnianie laboratorium sterowników PLC oraz poszerzenie programu nauczania.The following paper presents information about new laboratory of teaching and research of PLC controls in SGGW. Particularly different types of PLC controls and models are described below. The syllabus of lectures and practices, which has been successfully carried out is also presented here. The planned development and modernization of the PLC control laboratory as well as the widening of the syllabus are shown in this paper

Comparative studies of the chemical composition of goldsmith objects from the collection of regional museum in Torun

Przedstawiono charakterystykę toruńskich wyrobów złotniczych z kolekcji Muzeum Okręgowego w Toruniu. Przytoczono wyniki badań składu chemicznego metodą XRF wykonane urządzeniem NITON kilkuset obiektów zabytkowych oraz zestawiono je w tabeli. Podjęto próbę interpretacji wyników pomiaru z zastosowaniem sieci neuronowej "Odwzorowanie Sammona". Wskazano, jak istotne są dla kustoszy muzeów takie badania, rozszerzając w ten sposób zasób informacji o obiektach muzealnych.The characteristics of goldsmith objects included in the collection of Regional Museum in Torun were presented. The results of the chemical composition measurements taken by XRF method on a Niton device on hundreds of historic objects were given and the concluding findings were summarised in a table. An attempt was made to interpret the results of measurements using a "Sammon Mapping" neural network. It was indicated how important these investigations are for museum keepers, extending the range of information about museum objects