Antitumorigenic Evaluation of Thalidomide Alone and in Combination with Cisplatin in DBA2/J Mice

Thalidomide's reported ability to inhibit angiogenesis has led to clinical trials determining its effectiveness in combating various types of cancer. This study explored thalidomide's antitumorigenic potential when administered alone and in combination with cisplatin to DBA2/J mice whose tumors were induced by murine erythroleukemic cells. Thalidomide treatment alone produced no significant inhibitory effect on tumor development and metastasis. Mice that received both drugs had significantly lower incidences of both primary and secondary tumors as compared to the untreated control group. Cisplatin, administered alone or in combination with thalidomide, led to a significant delay in tumor formation and a longer life span than was recorded in untreated mice. However, the combination treatment results were not significantly different from those of cisplatin treatment used as a single agent. In in vitro cell multiplication studies using murine erythroleukemic and murine endothelial cells, thalidomide failed to inhibit cell proliferation. However, cisplatin treatment with or without thalidomide, significantly inhibited the multiplication of both cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Thalidomide does not appear to be a beneficial adjuvant to cisplatin treatment

Stop-Signal Reaction Time Correlates With a Compensatory Balance Response

Background Response inhibition involves suppressing automatic, but unwanted action, which allows for behavioral flexibility. This capacity could theoretically contribute to fall prevention, especially in the cluttered environments we face daily. Although much has been learned from cognitive psychology regarding response inhibition, it is unclear if such findings translate to the intensified challenge of coordinating balance recovery reactions. Research question Is the ability to stop a prepotent response preserved when comparing performance on a standard test of response inhibition versus a reactive balance test where compensatory steps must be occasionally suppressed? Methods Twelve young adults completed a stop signal task and reactive balance test separately. The stop signal task evaluates an individual’s ability to quickly suppress a visually-cued button press upon hearing a ‘stop’ tone, and provides a measure of the speed of response inhibition called the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). Reactive balance was tested by releasing participants from a supported lean position, in situations where the environment was changed during visual occlusion. Upon receiving vision, participants were required to either step to regain balance following cable release (70% of trials), or suppress a step if an obstacle was present (30% of trials). The early muscle response of the stepping leg was compared between the ‘step blocked’ and ‘step allowed’ trials to quantify step suppression. Results SSRT was correlated with muscle activation of the stepping leg when sufficient time was provided to view the response environment (400 ms). Individuals with faster SSRTs exhibited comparably less leg muscle activity when a step was blocked, signifying a superior ability to inhibit an unwanted step. Significance Performance on a standardized test of response inhibition is related to performance on a reactive balance test where automated stepping responses must occasionally be inhibited. This highlights a generalizable neural mechanism for stopping action across different behavioral contexts

Protecting backaction-evading measurements from parametric instability

Noiseless measurement of a single quadrature in systems of parametrically coupled oscillators is theoretically possible by pumping at the sum and difference frequencies of the two oscillators, realizing a backaction-evading (BAE) scheme. Although this would hold true in the simplest scenario for a system with pure three-wave mixing, implementations of this scheme are hindered by unwanted higher-order parametric processes that destabilize the system and add noise. We show analytically that detuning the two pumps from the sum and difference frequencies can stabilize the system and fully recover the BAE performance, enabling operation at otherwise inaccessible cooperativities. We also show that the acceleration demonstrated in a weak signal detection experiment [PRX QUANTUM 4, 020302 (2023)] was only achievable because of this detuning technique.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Size Distribution and Growth of Young Payangka Fish, Ophieleotris Aporos (Bleeker) From Lake Tondano

The research was conducted at the location of Lake Tondano, Minahasa District.The young payangka fish, locally known as nike fish by fishermen of the area. This study aims to determine the size distribution, length-weight relationships and to know the captivity growth in the aquarium. The research is expected to be a source of information about the fish of young payangka (Nike) and be able to contribute on the efforts of nike fish management in Lake Tondano for the future. Sampling is done by using a triangular shaped trap (sibusibu) with a length of 4m, width of 1.30m (top), and a mesh size of 0.5mm. The length frequency distribution with the size mode appeared most during the first of observation was in the range of 13.5 to 15.4 class size and changed in size in the third week of the 19.5-21.4 class sizes. Later in the fifth week the mode is in the range of 15.5-17.4 class size and changes in size in the seventh week at the range of 23.5-25.4 class size. The length-weight relationship of the study was showed by allometric growth (b = 2.70; b <3) which means the length increases faster than weight gain. Absolute weight growth of 0.2532g was recorded and absolute length growth of 10.12mm for 12 weeks was observed as well. Growth of a relatively large weight gained with value of 0.067mg occurs between the seventh week and the eighth week

Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Siganus Lineatus around Kareko waters, Lembeh Strait

AbstractThis study aims to determine the relationship between length and weight and condition factors of Siganus lineatus around Kareko waters, Lembeh Strait. Sampling was carried out in March 2021 from fishermen's catch using net fishing gear. There were 31 individuals collected with a length range of 169.95-345.69 mm and a weight range of 94-939 grams. The relationship between length and weight of male (b= 0.3018), female (b= 0.3631) and total (b= 0.3287) showed a negative allometric growth pattern. Mean condition factors of the male, female and total were 0.106, 0.075, and 0.091, indicating that rabbitfish are in poor condition.Keywords: rabbitfish; allometric; fishermen.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang berat dan faktor kondisi Siganus lineatus di perairan sekitar Kelurahan Kareko, Selat Lembeh. Pengambilan sampel sepanjang bulan Maret 2021 dari  hasil tangkapan nelayan yang menggunakan alat tangkap jaring. Jumlah ikan yang terkumpul sebanyak 31 individu dengan kisaran panjang 169,95-345,69 mm dan berat 94-939 gram. Hubungan panjang berat ikan beronang jantan (b= 0,3018), betina (b= 0,3631) dan total (b= 0,3287) menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif. Faktor kondisi rata-rata ikan beronang jantan, betina dan total yaitu 0,106, 0,075 dan 0,091, hal ini menunjukkan ikan beronang dalam kondisi kurang baik karena memiliki nilai kurang dari satu.Kata kunci : ikan beronang; alometrik; nelayan

Community structure and distribution of Gastropoda in the intertidal area of the Waleo districts coast north Minahasa

This research is to know community structure and gastropod distribution include species density (individual/m2), relative density (%), diversity indices (H’), Evenness indices (E), Richness indices (R), Dominance indices (D) and Dispersion indices (Id).This inestigation was carried out February 2020 in intertidal area, Waleo beach in Minahasa Northern. Quadrat transect placed via area sampling based on substrate difference. Placing quadrat transect was centr on three points that different with distance with point 100 m and distance between quadran 10 m with size quadrat 50 cm2. Based on this research was find 22 species include Cypraea tigris, Terebra areolata, Cymbiola nivosa oblita, Euplica borealis, Turbo argyrostomus, Cypraea moneta, Conus cumingii, Cypraea errones, Tectus fenestrats, Nerita ascensionis, Nerita exuvi, Nerita albicilla, Nerita polita, Nerita Picea, Vasum turbinellus, Lunella cinerea, Nassarius globosus, Nassarius pullus, Vexillum acupictum, Clypeomorus pellucida, Vexillum ebenus, Terebralia sulcata. Five order include Neogastropoda, Littorinimorpha, Cycloneritida, Caenogastropoda, Trochida. Analysis result to species density is the highest 0,40 (individual/m2),relative density, Nerita polita 12,63 %, index of diversity,H’= 3,…, index of evenness, E = 0,97, index of richness, R = 0,22 and index of dominance, range D =0,13-0,18 concluded that no species dominantly. Gastropoda distribution pattern in intertidal area based 3 stations that showed all pattern of clumed distribution. &nbsp; Keywords: Gastropoda, Intertidal, density, spread pattern &nbsp; Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan pola penyebaran gastropoda meliputi Kepadatan spesies (Ind/m2), Kepadatan Relatif (%),Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’), Indeks Keseragaman (E), Indeks Kekayaan spesies (R), Indeks Dominansi (D), dan indeks Sebaran. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan februari 2020 yang berlokasi di daerah intertidal pantai Waleo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Penempatan transek kuadran di tentukan melalui teknik area sampling berdasarkan perbedaan substrat, penempatan transek dan kuadran di pusatkan di tiga titik yang berbeda-beda dengan jarak antara titik 100m dan jarak antara kuadran 10m dengan ukuran kuadran 50x50cm. Dari hasil penelitiaan di temukan 22 spesis meliputi Cypraea tigris, Terebra areolata, Cymbiola nivosa oblita, Euplica borealis, Turbo argyrostomus, Cypraea moneta, Conus cumingii, Cypraea errones, Tectus fenestrats, Nerita ascensionis, Nerita exuvi, Nerita albicilla, Nerita polita, Nerita Picea, Vasum turbinellus, Lunella cinerea, Nassarius globosus, Nassarius pullus, Vexillum acupictum, Clypeomorus pellucida, Vexillum ebenus, Terebralia sulcata. Dan 5 ordo Neogastropoda, Littorinimorpha, Cycloneritida, Caenogastropoda, Trochida. Hasil analisis terhadap kepadatan spesis nilai tertinggi terdapat pada spesis N.polita sebesar 0,40 Ind/m² dan kepadatan realtif tertinggi juga terdapat pada spesis N.polita sebesar 12,63 %, nilai indeka keanekaragaman H’= 9,49 yang merupakan kategori tinggi, nilai dari indeks keseragaman secara keseluruhan&nbsp; (E)=0,97 dalam kondisi , dan nilai indeks kekayaan spesis yaitu 0,22, &nbsp;indeks Dominansi (D) = 0,13 – 0,18 disimpulkan tidak ada yang mendominasi, Pola sebaran gastropoda di daerah intertidal dari ketiga stasiun menunjukan pola sebaran secara mengelompok. Wilayah pantai Waleo Kabupaten Minahasa Utara memiliki suhu 31,3ºC. Derajat keasaman pH yang di peroleh yaitu 7 Salinitas yang di peroleh sebesar 34‰ yang masih dalam kisaran baik untuk gastropoda. Kata kunci : Gastropoda, intertidal, kepadatan, pola sebara

Ratio Decidendi Terhadap Penetapan Alat Bukti Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Tulisanini ditujukan pada putusan pengadilan dalam menilai dan menetapkan alat bukti pada tindak pidana korupsi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Ratio Decidendi Hakim menetapkan keabsahan alat bukti dalam sidang Praperadilan penetapan tersangka tindak pidana korupsi, Serta menilai alat bukti yang diajukan oleh penyidik kepolisian telah sesuai dengan syarat-syarat pembuktian menurut perundang-undangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum, yakni meletakkan hukum sebagai sebuah bangunan sistem norma. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa hakim lebih menekankan pada poin “alat bukti” yang ditetapkan oleh Termohon dalam menetapkan status tersangka kepada pemohon yang diduga melakukan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Dalam pertimbangannya Hakim menilai bahwa penetapan Pemohon sebagai Tersangka tidak didasari oleh minimal dua (2) alat bukti yang sah dalam hal ini Penetapan Tersangka Pemohon hanya didasari oleh proses administrasi. Alat Bukti yang digunakan oleh Penyidik Kepolisian untuk menetapkan Pemohon sebagai Tersangka adalah berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana dan Peraturan KAPOLRI Nomor 12 Tahun 2009 tentang Pengawasan Dan Pengendalian Penanganan Perkara Pidana di Lingkungan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia