On the Classification of Weierstrass Elliptic Curves over Zn\mathbb{Z}_n

The development of secure cryptographic protocols and the subsequent attack mechanisms have been placed in the literature with the utmost curiosity. While sophisticated quantum attacks bring a concern to the classical cryptographic protocols present in the applications used in everyday life, the necessity of developing post-quantum protocols is felt primarily. In post-quantum cryptography, elliptic curve-base protocols are exciting to the researchers. While the comprehensive study of elliptic curves over finite fields is well known, the extended study over finite rings is still missing. In this work, we generalize the study of Weierstrass elliptic curves over finite ring $\mathbb{Z}_n$ through classification. Several expressions to compute critical factors in studying elliptic curves are conferred. An all-around computational classification on the Weierstrass elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Z}_n$ for rigorous understanding is also attached to this work.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, draf

Excellence in Higher Education in India: Way Forward

Indian higher education is at a crossroads. Since independence India has seen a proliferation in terms of the number of institutes of higher learning. Unfortunately, this growth has often been accompanied with compromising quality. Besides internal management issues, the external regulation has also focused on inputs rather than process or output. As a result Indian higher education has lost its way in terms of creating new frontiers of knowledge. The emerging global competition & commitment under GATS is likely to make the situation further complex. It is high time the policy makers look seriously into all contours of quality of institutes of higher learning

Basic Endoscopic Findings — Normal and Pathological Findings

Since its inception, colonoscopy has evolved to become the cornerstone for colorectal imaging. The increasing indications for endoscopic evaluation and potential therapeutic intervention parallels technological advances and the expanding diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of colonoscopy. The diagnostic and therapeutic yield of colonoscopy is highly user dependent. Thus, it is essential for the clinical endoscopist to perform a thorough endoscopic evaluation and be cognizant of normal and pathologic findings. This review details normal and pathologic endoscopic findings in a variety of disease states that are often encountered by the clinical endoscopist including colon polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious and non-infectious colitides. In addition, we review the diagnostic and therapeutic role of colonoscopy in the evaluation of an acute lower gastrointestinal bleed

A Scientometric Study of Highly Cited Journals in Science Discipline Indexed by Scopus and Web of Science

The main objective of this is to explicitly characterize a quantitative analysis by utilizing scientometric study for highly cited journals in scientific discipline indexed by Scopus and WOS. The Paper published during the years 2012-2016 are considered for research analysis with distinct objectives and correlated conclusions. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the data in a variety of methods such as document types, country, institutions/organisation etc. This study will be beneficial for the research scholars to understand the various areas of research work conducted during 2012-16

A cross sectional observational study to evaluate utilization of antimicrobials in paediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Antimicrobials play cardinal role in management of infectious disease. Paediatric age group forms significant part of developing countries and have high chances of acquiring infectious. Misuse and overuse of these antimicrobials are leading culprits in causing antimicrobials resistance. The purpose of this study was to analyse utilization of antimicrobials among paediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted for three months in paediatric department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The demographics and antimicrobials use details were observed daily from patients admitted to paediatric outpatient department, wards and intensive care unit to assess according to The World Health Organization-International Network of Rational Use of Drugs drug prescribing indicators and WHO antibiotics AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) classification. Results: In our study we found that mean antimicrobial use in OPD, wards and ICU was1.15±0.35, 1.12±0.33 and 2.25±1.01 respectively. Cephalosporins were most commonly prescribed in OPD (34.62%) and wards (65.26%) while piperacillin-tazobactam (29.93%) in ICU. Percent encounter with an antibiotic in OPD, Wards and ICU was 8.41%, 30.71% and 33.58% respectively. 56.69%, 81.35% and 55.80% antibiotics prescribed in OPD, Wards and ICU respectively were of Watch group. 5.66% Reserve group antibiotics were prescribed in the ICU. Conclusions: Prescribing trends of antimicrobials is near to WHO standard but according to AWaRe classification, watch group antibiotics were prescribed more than Access group

Differential partitioning of Gαi1 with the cellular microtubules: a possible mechanism of development of Taxol resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells

BACKGROUND: Taxol binds to the cellular microtubules and suppresses their dynamic instability. Development of tumor cell resistance to taxol is typically associated with increased expression of the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein and/or alterations in the microtubules. Recently, changes in the dynamic instability of the microtubules have also been associated with development of taxol resistance in a lung cancer cell line. We have established a 250-fold taxol-resistant human ovarian carcinoma subline (2008/13/4) that does not display the typical alterations associated with development of drug resistance. RESULTS: Utilizing the mRNA differential display technique, we observed increased expression of an alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, Gαi1, in the taxol-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell lines compared to the parental 2008 cells. Several isoforms of the α-subunit of the G protein have been identified and the Gαi (inhibitory) are so named because they inhibit the activity of adenylate cyclase leading to inactivation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. In addition, Gαi1 is also known to bind to microtubules and activates their GTPase activity and thus induces depolymerization of the microtubules. In the present study we demonstrate that the intracellular level of cAMP and the PKA activity were higher in the taxol-resistant 2008/13/4 and the 2008/17/4 cells despite the increased expression of Gαi1 in these cells. Moreover, Gαi1 was found to be localized not on the cell membrane, but in intracellular compartments in both the taxol-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. Interestingly, increased association of the Gαi1 protein and the microtubules in the taxol-resistant cells compared to the parental 2008 cells was observed, both prior to and after treatment of these cells with taxol. CONCLUSION: Based on the opposing effects of taxol and the Gαi1 protein on the microtubule dynamic instability (taxol suppresses microtubule dynamic instability whilst the Gαi1 protein inhibits the suppression) our results indicate the operation of a novel pathway that would enable the cells to escape the cytotoxic effects of taxol

Froth Flotation Method for Recovery of Ultra-Fine Constituent

A froth flotation method and apparatus for the recovery of ultra-fine constituent are provided. The apparatus includes a flotation column having a drain for withdrawing tailings and underflow and an overflow for recovering the selected ultra-fine constituent. A mechanism is provided for delivering a wash medium to an upper portion of the column as well as for delivering diffuse air to a lower portion of the column. A slurry including the constituent to be recovered is received and conditioned within a tank that is connected by means of a feed line to the column. Additionally, a mechanism is provided for dissolving air in the slurry in the conditioning tank. Further, one or two matrixes may be mounted across the flotation column to further improve recovery. The method broadly includes the steps of (1) dissolving air in the slurry in the conditioning tank; (2) feeding the slurry through the feed line into an intermediate portion of the flotation column; (3) adding a reagent to the slurry that renders the selected constituent hydrophobic; (4) establishing and maintaining a downwardly flowing stream of wash medium in the flotation column; (5) establishing and maintaining an upwardly moving stream of diffuse air originating at a lower portion of the flotation column; and (6) recovering the selected ultra-fine constituent and diffuse air from the upper portion of the column