9,637 research outputs found
On the role of a new type of correlated disorder in extended electronic states in the Thue-Morse lattice
A new type of correlated disorder is shown to be responsible for the
appearance of extended electronic states in one-dimensional aperiodic systems
like the Thue-Morse lattice. Our analysis leads to an understanding of the
underlying reason for the extended states in this system, for which only
numerical evidence is available in the literature so far. The present work also
sheds light on the restrictive conditions under which the extended states are
supported by this lattice.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX V2.09, 1 figure (available on request), to appear in
Physical Review Letter
Experimental demonstration of painting arbitrary and dynamic potentials for Bose-Einstein condensates
There is a pressing need for robust and straightforward methods to create
potentials for trapping Bose-Einstein condensates which are simultaneously
dynamic, fully arbitrary, and sufficiently stable to not heat the ultracold
gas. We show here how to accomplish these goals, using a rapidly-moving laser
beam that "paints" a time-averaged optical dipole potential in which we create
BECs in a variety of geometries, including toroids, ring lattices, and square
lattices. Matter wave interference patterns confirm that the trapped gas is a
condensate. As a simple illustration of dynamics, we show that the technique
can transform a toroidal condensate into a ring lattice and back into a toroid.
The technique is general and should work with any sufficiently polarizable
low-energy particles.Comment: Minor text changes and three references added. This is the final
version published in New Journal of Physic
The BTZ black hole with a time-dependent boundary
The non-rotating BTZ solution is expressed in terms of coordinates that allow
for an arbitrary time-dependent scale factor in the boundary metric. We provide
explicit expressions for the coordinate transformation that generates this form
of the metric, and determine the regions of the complete Penrose diagram that
are convered by our parametrization. This construction is utilized in order to
compute the stress-energy tensor of the dual CFT on a time-dependent
background. We study in detail the expansion of radial null geodesic
congruences in the BTZ background for various forms of the scale factor of the
boundary metric. We also discuss the relevance of our construction for the
holographic calculation of the entanglement entropy of the dual CFT on
time-dependent backgrounds.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, title changed in journal, conformal diagrams
added, references added, final version to appear in Classical and Quantum
Gravit
Neutrino Emission from Magnetized Proto-Neutron Stars in Relativistic Mean Field Theory
We make a perturbative calculation of neutrino scattering and absorption in
hot and dense hyperonic neutron-star matter in the presence of a strong
magnetic field. We find that the absorption cross-sections show a remarkable
angular dependence in that the neutrino absorption strength is reduced in a
direction parallel to the magnetic field and enhanced in the opposite
direction. This asymmetry in the neutrino absorbtion can be as much as 2.2 % of
the entire neutrino momentum for an interior magnetic field of \sim 2 x 10^{17}
G. We estimate the pulsar kick velocities associated with this asymmetry in a
fully relativistic mean-field theory formulation. We show that the kick
velocities calculated here are comparable to observed pulsar velocities.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1009.097
Entropy from AdS(3)/CFT(2)
We parametrize the (2+1)-dimensional AdS space and the BTZ black hole with
Fefferman-Graham coordinates starting from the AdS boundary. We consider
various boundary metrics: Rindler, static de Sitter and FRW. In each case, we
compute the holographic stress-energy tensor of the dual CFT and confirm that
it has the correct form, including the effects of the conformal anomaly. We
find that the Fefferman-Graham parametrization also spans a second copy of the
AdS space, including a second boundary. For the boundary metrics we consider,
the Fefferman-Graham coordinates do not cover the whole AdS space. We propose
that the length of the line delimiting the excluded region at a given time can
be identified with the entropy of the dual CFT on a background determined by
the boundary metric. For Rindler and de Sitter backgrounds our proposal
reproduces the expected entropy. For a FRW background it produces a
generalization of the Cardy formula that takes into account the vacuum energy
related to the expansion.Comment: major revision with several clarifications and corrections, 22 page
Conductivity landscape of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface containing ribbons and edges
We present an extensive study on electrical spectroscopy of graphene ribbons
and edges of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using atomic force
microscope (AFM). We have addressed in the present study two main issues, (1)
How does the electrical property of the graphite (graphene) sheet change when
the graphite layer is displaced by shear forces? and (2) How does the
electrical property of the graphite sheet change across a step edge? While
addressing these two issues we observed, (1) variation of conductance among the
graphite ribbons on the surface of HOPG. The top layer always exhibits more
conductance than the lower layers, (2) two different monolayer ribbons on the
same sheet of graphite shows different conductance, (3) certain ribbon/sheet
edges show sharp rise in current, (4) certain ribbons/sheets on the same edge
shows both presence and absense of the sharp rise in the current, (5) some
lower layers at the interface near a step edge shows a strange dip in the
current/conductance (depletion of charge). We discuss possible reasons for such
rich conducting landscape on the surface of graphite.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. For better quality figures please contact autho
Quantized Rotation of Atoms From Photons with Orbital Angular Momentum
We demonstrate the coherent transfer of the orbital angular momentum of a
photon to an atom in quantized units of hbar, using a 2-photon stimulated Raman
process with Laguerre-Gaussian beams to generate an atomic vortex state in a
Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium atoms. We show that the process is coherent
by creating superpositions of different vortex states, where the relative phase
between the states is determined by the relative phases of the optical fields.
Furthermore, we create vortices of charge 2 by transferring to each atom the
orbital angular momentum of two photons.Comment: New version, 4 pages and 3 figures, accepted for publication in
Physical Review Letter
Operational quasiprobabilities for qudits
We propose an operational quasiprobability function for qudits, enabling a
comparison between quantum and hidden-variable theories. We show that the
quasiprobability function becomes positive semidefinite if consecutive
measurement results are described by a hidden-variable model with locality and
noninvasive measurability assumed. Otherwise, it is negative valued. The
negativity depends on the observables to be measured as well as a given state,
as the quasiprobability function is operationally defined. We also propose a
marginal quasiprobability function and show that it plays the role of an
entanglement witness for two qudits. In addition, we discuss an optical
experiment of a polarization qubit to demonstrate its nonclassicality in terms
of the quasiprobability function.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, journal versio
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