Detrimental Views on Perceived Risks and their Influence on Travel Decisions

This study, therefore, proposes to identify and investigate the risk perception dimensions of tourists travelling from South India and to determine the influence that these dimensions can have on tourist behaviour. The primary data was gathered through a survey, involving a scheduled questionnaire. Based on the nature of the data collected, data analysis techniques such as Cross Tabulation, Independent Sample t-Test and One-way ANOVA Test were employed to identify characters of heterogeneity among tourist groups based on the risk perception dimensions

Mitral Leaflet Separation Index in Assessing the Severity of Mitral Stenosis

Determining the severity of mitral stenosis (MS) is important for both prognostic and therapeutic reasons. The mitral valve area (MVA) can be measured by planimetry, pressure half-time, continuity equation, and proximal isovelocity surface area methods. In this study, we propose a novel yet simple, independent measure of MS severity–the mitral leaflet separation (MLS) index. This new index could be a useful surrogate measure of the MVA. This index would also help when there is a discrepancy between severities of MS estimated by existing methods, in the presence of atrial fibrillation and in the presence of mitral regurgitation

Chitosan – hydrogen iodide salt supported graphite electrode: A simple and novel electrode for the reduction of nitro group under electrochemical condition

The present investigation provides a unique, simple, selective and efficient method for the electrochemical reduction of aromatic nitro groups into amines using chitosan-hydrogen iodide salt supported graphite electrode. 3:1 tetrabutyl ammonium chloride and acetic acid mixture was used as the medium for electrolytic process and a constant voltage of 5 V applied between the modified electrodes. The reaction was found to be selective and further reduction of amines was not observed. The purity of the products was checked with HPLC and characterized using spectroscopic tools. The electrochemical synthesis resulted in moderate to good yields of amino compounds which were higher than the reduction using conventional graphite electrodes. Quaternary ammonium chloride behaved as supporting electrolyte during synthesis and the reaction did not progress in the absence of acetic acid. The redox characteristic of the process was studied by cyclic voltammetry of the reaction mixture

Corrosion inhibition capacity of two heterocyclic oximes on copper in nitric acid: electrochemical, quantum chemical and surface morphological investigations

Two heterocyclic oximes (E)-N-hydroxy-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine (Hp2ylm) and (E)-N-hydroxy-1-(pyridin-3-yl)methanimine (Hp3ylm) were synthesized from pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and pyridine-3-carbaldehyde, respectively. These oximes were characterized by various spectroscopic tools like UV, IR, MASS and NMR. The inhibition capacity of these oximes against copper corrosion in 0.1 M HNO3 was determined by polarization and impedance spectroscopic studies (EIS). At all concentrations, Hp3ylm exhibited higher inhibition efficiency than Hp2ylm. Attempt was made to illustrate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by these oximes with the help of adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and quantum chemical studies

BHPR research: qualitative1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis

Background: Foot surgery is common in patients with RA but research into surgical outcomes is limited and conceptually flawed as current outcome measures lack face validity: to date no one has asked patients what is important to them. This study aimed to determine which factors are important to patients when evaluating the success of foot surgery in RA Methods: Semi structured interviews of RA patients who had undergone foot surgery were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted to explore issues that were important to patients. Results: 11 RA patients (9 ♂, mean age 59, dis dur = 22yrs, mean of 3 yrs post op) with mixed experiences of foot surgery were interviewed. Patients interpreted outcome in respect to a multitude of factors, frequently positive change in one aspect contrasted with negative opinions about another. Overall, four major themes emerged. Function: Functional ability & participation in valued activities were very important to patients. Walking ability was a key concern but patients interpreted levels of activity in light of other aspects of their disease, reflecting on change in functional ability more than overall level. Positive feelings of improved mobility were often moderated by negative self perception ("I mean, I still walk like a waddling duck”). Appearance: Appearance was important to almost all patients but perhaps the most complex theme of all. Physical appearance, foot shape, and footwear were closely interlinked, yet patients saw these as distinct separate concepts. Patients need to legitimize these feelings was clear and they frequently entered into a defensive repertoire ("it's not cosmetic surgery; it's something that's more important than that, you know?”). Clinician opinion: Surgeons' post operative evaluation of the procedure was very influential. The impact of this appraisal continued to affect patients' lasting impression irrespective of how the outcome compared to their initial goals ("when he'd done it ... he said that hasn't worked as good as he'd wanted to ... but the pain has gone”). Pain: Whilst pain was important to almost all patients, it appeared to be less important than the other themes. Pain was predominately raised when it influenced other themes, such as function; many still felt the need to legitimize their foot pain in order for health professionals to take it seriously ("in the end I went to my GP because it had happened a few times and I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who was quite dismissive of it, it was like what are you complaining about”). Conclusions: Patients interpret the outcome of foot surgery using a multitude of interrelated factors, particularly functional ability, appearance and surgeons' appraisal of the procedure. While pain was often noted, this appeared less important than other factors in the overall outcome of the surgery. Future research into foot surgery should incorporate the complexity of how patients determine their outcome Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interes

Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study

Introduction: The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. Methods: In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. Findings: Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2–6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5–5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4–10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32–4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23–11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. Interpretation: After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification

Influence of 3-acetylpyridine phenylhydrazone on the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid

The corrosion inhibition capacity of the 3-acetylpyridine phenylhydrazone (APPH) has been investigated by gravimetric studies and electrochemical investigations like EIS and Tafel polarization analyses. Present study reveal that APPH act as a potential corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel even when the molecules are hydrolyzed in acid medium. Polarization studies establish that the molecule show mixed type corrosion inhibition on CS surface. Results obtained from these techniques are comparable and the hydrazone obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm on the corroding metal surface. Thermodynamic parameters of corrosion such as activation energy (Ea), enthalpy and entropy of activation of corrosion (∆H* and ∆S*) have also been estimated. Surface analysis using AFM confirm the adsorption of APPH molecules on the metal surface

Influence of 3-acetylpyridine phenylhydrazone on the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid

61-66The corrosion inhibition capacity of the 3-acetylpyridine phenylhydrazone (APPH) has been investigated by gravimetric studies and electrochemical investigations like EIS and Tafel polarization analyses. Present study reveal that APPH act as a potential corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel even when the molecules are hydrolyzed in acid medium. Polarization studies establish that the molecule show mixed type corrosion inhibition on CS surface. Results obtained from these techniques are comparable and the hydrazone obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm on the corroding metal surface. Thermodynamic parameters of corrosion such as activation energy (Ea), enthalpy and entropy of activation of corrosion (∆H* and ∆S*) have also been estimated. Surface analysis using AFM confirm the adsorption of APPH molecules on the metal surface