678 research outputs found
Residual stress measurement round robin on an electron beam welded joint between austenitic stainless steel 316L(N) and ferritic steel P91
This paper is a research output of DMW-Creep project which is part of a national UK programme through the RCUK Energy programme and India's Department of Atomic Energy. The research is focussed on understanding the characteristics of welded joints between austenitic stainless steel and ferritic steel that are widely used in many nuclear power generating plants and petrochemical industries as well as conventional coal and gas-fired power systems. The members of the DMW-Creep project have under- taken parallel round robin activities measuring the residual stresses generated by a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between AISI 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel and P91 ferritic-martensitic steel. Electron beam (EB) welding was employed to produce a single bead weld on a plate specimen and an additional smoothing pass (known cosmetic pass) was then introduced using a defocused beam. The welding re- sidual stresses have been measured by five experimental methods including (I) neutron diffraction (ND), (II) X-Ray diffraction (XRD), (III) contour method (CM), (IV) incremental deep hole drilling (iDHD) and (V) incremental centre hole drilling (iCHD). The round robin measurements of weld residual stresses are compared in order to characterise surface and sub-surface residual stresses comprehensively
Analytical interconnection networks model for multi-cluster computing systems
This paper addresses the problem of interconnection networks performance modeling of large-scale distributed systems with emphases on multi-cluster computing systems. The study of interconnection networks is important because the overall performance of a distributed system is often critically hinged on the effectiveness of its interconnection network. We present an analytical model that considers stochastic quantities as well as processor heterogeneity of the target system. The model is validated through comprehensive simulation, which demonstrates that the proposed model exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various system sizes and under different operating conditions.<br /
Analytical modeling of communication latency in multi-cluster systems
This paper addresses the problem of performance modeling of large-scale distributed systems with emphasis on communication networks in heterogeneous multi-cluster systems. The study of interconnection networks is important because the overall performance of a distributed system is often critically hinged on the effectiveness of this part. We present an analytical model to predict message latency in multi-cluster systems in the presence of processor heterogeneity. The model is validated through comprehensive simulation, which demonstrates that the proposed model exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various system sizes and under different operating conditions.<br /
Analytical performance modeling of the enterprise grid computing
This paper addresses the problem of performance modeling of large-scale heterogeneous distributed systems with emphases on enterprise grid computing systems. To this end, we present an analytical model that can be employed to explore the effectiveness of different design approaches so that one can have an intelligent choice during design and evaluation a cost-effective large-scale heterogeneous distributed computing system. The model is validated through comprehensive simulation.<br /
Performance analysis of heterogeneous multi-cluster systems
When building a cost-effective high-performance parallel processing system, a performance model is a useful tool for exploring the design space and examining various parameters. However, performance analysis in such systems has proven to be a challenging task that requires the innovative performance analysis tools and methods to keep up with the rapid evolution and ever increasing complexity of such systems. To this end, we propose an analytical model for heterogeneous multi-cluster systems. The model takes into account stochastic quantities as well as network heterogeneity in bandwidth and latency in each cluster. Also, blocking and non-blocking network architecture model is proposed and are used in performance analysis of the system. The message latency is used as the primary performance metric. The model is validated by constructing a set of simulators to simulate different types of clusters, and by comparing the modeled results with the simulated ones.<br /
Analysis of multi-cluster computing systems with processor heterogeneity
This paper addresses the problem of performance modeling of heterogeneous multi-cluster computing systems. We present an analytical model that can be employed to explore the effectiveness of different design approaches so that one can have an intelligent choice during design and evaluation of a cost effective large-scale heterogeneous distributed computing system. The proposed model considers stochastic quantities as well as processor heterogeneity of the target system. The analysis is based on a parametric fat-tree network, the m-port n-tree, and a deterministic routing algorithm. The correctness of the proposed model is validated through comprehensive simulation of different types of clusters.<br /
Towards a three-dimensional Finite Element model of the Knee Osteoarthritis
Poster P4238 presented at the 8th World Congress of BiomechanicsA three-dimensional FE model of a knee joint is presented. The main structure includes
femur, tibia, ligaments (ACL, PCL, LCL and MCL), menisci (lateral and medial) and
tibiofemoral cartilage. The model is validated against the literature. The main goal is to
understand the distribution of stresses over the cartilage and meniscus and its
relationship to Osteoarthritis (OA). This complex bio-realistic model of a knee joint was
reconstructed from medical MR images of a subject with healthy knee (24 years old,
with no history of lower limb extremities) having interval separation of 1.5 mm in
sagittal, coronal and axial planes with 0° of knee flexion. The MRI scan data were
collected on a 1.5 Tesla Phillips Intera system using T1 3D Gradient Echo sequence
(TR/TE = 57 ms/21 ms, spatial resolution with voxels size of 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.7 mm3
). The
segmentation and thresholding of each part, including femur, tibia, fibula, ligaments,
patella, patella tendon, menisci and cartilages were done with the SCANIP software
(Synopsys, Mountain View, USA). The segmented parts were then exported and
assembled to form the three-dimensional FE model of the knee joint. The model was
analysed in ABAQUS software (version 2016) (DASSAULT SYSTÈMES, U.S.A). The
material properties were taken from literature. For assigning the boundary conditions,
the model was assumed to be fixed at the base of the tibia. The rotation was fixed on
the femur and the displacements were free in all directions. A vertical force of 1150 N
was applied at the top of the femur which corresponds to the force of full extension
position in gait cycle [2]. Under the compressive load of 1150 N, the stresses transfer
from the femur to its cartilage and menisci down to the Tibia. The results show
deformation of the lateral meniscus which caused the model to curve outward forming a
valgus which is one of the symptoms that can lead to OA. The maximum stress on the
lateral meniscus that can be measured is 5.5 MPa which is comparable with the results
presented in the literature [3]
Efficient out-coupling of high-purity single photons from a coherent quantum dot in a photonic-crystal cavity
We demonstrate a single-photon collection efficiency of from
a quantum dot in a low-Q mode of a photonic-crystal cavity with a single-photon
purity of recorded above the saturation power. The high
efficiency is directly confirmed by detecting up to kilocounts per
second on a single-photon detector on another quantum dot coupled to the cavity
mode. The high collection efficiency is found to be broadband, as is explained
by detailed numerical simulations. Cavity-enhanced efficient excitation of
quantum dots is obtained through phonon-mediated excitation and under these
conditions, single-photon indistinguishability measurements reveal long
coherence times reaching ns in a weak-excitation regime. Our work
demonstrates that photonic crystals provide a very promising platform for
highly integrated generation of coherent single photons including the efficient
out-coupling of the photons from the photonic chip.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, submitte
Communication network analysis of the enterprise grid systems
This paper addresses the problem of performance analysis based on communication modelling of largescale heterogeneous distributed systems with emphases on enterprise grid computing systems. The study of communication layers is important because the overall performance of a distributed system is often critically hinged on the effectiveness of this part. This model considers processor as well as network heterogeneity of target system. The model is validated through comprehensive simulation, which demonstrates that the proposed model exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various system sizes and under different working conditions. The proposed model is then used to investigate the performance analysis of typical systems.<br /
Multi-cluster computing interconnection network performance modeling and analysis
The overall performance of a distributed system is often depends on the effectiveness of its interconnection network. Thus, the study of the communication networks for distributed systems is very important, which is the focus of this paper. In particular, we address the problem of fat-tree based interconnection networks performance modeling for multi-user heterogeneous multi-cluster computing systems. To this end, we present an analytical model and validate the model through comprehensive simulation. The results of the simulation demonstrated that the proposed model exhibits a good degree of accuracy for various system organizations and under different working conditions
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