Neutrino Induced Charged Current 1π+\pi^+ Production At Intermediate Energies

The charged current one pion production induced by $\nu_\mu$ from nucleons and nuclei like $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O nuclei has been studied. The calculations have been done for the incoherent and the coherent processes from nuclear targets assuming the $\Delta$ dominance model and take into account the effect of Pauli blocking, Fermi motion of the nucleon and renormalization of $\Delta$ properties in a nuclear medium. The effect of final state interactions of pions has been taken into account. The theoretical uncertainty in the total cross sections due to various parameterizations of the weak transition form factors used in literature has been studied. The numerical results for the total cross sections are compared with the recent preliminary results from the MiniBooNE collaboration on $^{12}$C and could be useful in analyzing future data from the K2K collaboration.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Experimental investigation on a novel integrated solar chimney and liquid desiccant system for simultaneous power and fresh water generation

Electric power and water play a pivotal role in all aspects of daily life. In attempts to provide renewable energy-sourced systems for the concurrent generation of power and fresh water, a few studies have been conducted over the last two decades to combine solar chimney power plant (SCPP) with fresh water production systems (FWPS). These studies have mostly been theoretical approaches with significant feasibility limitations. In this article, a novel solar-powered hybrid generator of power and fresh water is presented, where SCPP has been combined with liquid desiccant system( LDS) to simultaneously produce power and fresh water. This combination utilizes the advantages of LDS of calcium chloride to turn the SCPP working air humidity into fresh water. A pilot plant of this technology was designed, constructed, and tested on an hourly basis over ten randomly selected days in October-December 2018. Consequently, its concept of operation was proven. It was concluded that using this technology and under daily averages of solar irradiance of 500 W/m2 and atmospheric air humidity ratio of 0.019 (kg water vapour/ kg dry air), a combination of power generation capacity higher than 50 MW could economically produce power and fresh water. Furthermore, an average of 5.6 l/hr of fresh water could be produced per 1 kg/s of SCPP working air. Nevertheless, the current technology enables using a wide controllable range (0%-100%) of SCPP produced power to generate fresh water

Pengaruh Kebijakan Agreement on Agriculture (Aoa) Oleh World Trade Organization (WTO) Terhadap Kenaikan Impor Kopi Indonesia Tahun 2012

This research describes and proves the influence of policy AgreementOn Agriculture (AoA) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) for theIndonesian coffee. AoA policy is a policy of international trade in agricultureby WTO.This research uses perspective of pluralism. Pluralist assumes that stateis not unitary actor. This study also uses international trade and internationalorganizations theory.Agreement On Agriculture (AoA) is an international treaty on trade inagriculture in the WTO context. AoA since January 1st, 1995 generally is anagreement to build a trading system that is fair and market-orientedagricultural commodities in particular. AoA commitment is based on threepillars, market access, domestic support and export subsidies. Indonesia hasjoined the WTO since 1995, therefore Indonesia is obliged to follow all therules contained in the WTO, including commitments in the AoA. This studyproves that the AoA policy gave negative impact for Indonesian agriculturalcommodities, especially coffee with increasing import coffee to Indonesia in2012.Key Words: World Trade Organization (WTO), Agreement On Agriculture (AoA),Liberalitation Of Agriculture, Coffea, Indonesia

Using the Sharp Operator for edge detection and nonlinear diffusion

In this paper we investigate the use of the sharp function known from functional analysis in image processing. The sharp function gives a measure of the variations of a function and can be used as an edge detector. We extend the classical notion of the sharp function for measuring anisotropic behaviour and give a fast anisotropic edge detection variant inspired by the sharp function. We show that these edge detection results are useful to steer isotropic and anisotropic nonlinear diffusion filters for image enhancement

Fcc breathing instability in BaBiO_3 from first principles

We present first-principles density-functional calculations using the local density approximation to investigate the structural instability of cubic perovskite BaBiO_3. This material might exhibit charge disproportionation and some evidence thereof has been linked to the appearance of an additional, fourth peak in the experimental IR spectrum. However, our results suggest that the origin of this additional peak can be understood within the picture of a simple structural instability. While the true instability consists of an oxygen-octahedra breathing distortion and a small octahedra rotation, we find that the breathing alone in a fcc-type cell doubling is sufficient to explain the fourth peak in the IR spectrum. Our results show that the oscillator strength of this particular mode is of the same order of magnitude as the other three modes, in agreement with experiment.Comment: submitted to PRB, completely revised version after referee repor

Comparative Analysis on Angular Flow and Mass Transfer in Haemodialysis

Healthy kidney cleans blood and removes unwanted materials in the form of urine. When the kidney does not work properly, dialysis is one of the best solutions. Dialysis required if unhealthy kidney does not remove enough wastes and fluid from the blood. This usually happens when only 10 - 15 % of kidney’s function left. A dialyzer is used to clean blood. In an attempt to address clinical and experimental discrepancies, compartmental theoretical models have been used. Noda et al. (1979) were among the first to introduce a theoretical model on mass transfer using countercurrent flows. Their proposed model assumes an ideal flow distribution of the hollow fibers. Since diffusion is the main mechanism, c(r; t) has been denoted as the concentration of a solute per unit volume at the point r and time t. In this paper, instead of time, we have proposed a new parameter for the concentration of the solute, which is independent of time. Results reveal the behavior of concentration of urea in terms of eigenvalues which depends on angular flow

Voltage control of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in ferromagnetic - semiconductor/piezoelectric hybrid structures

We demonstrate dynamic voltage control of the magnetic anisotropy of a (Ga,Mn)As device bonded to a piezoelectric transducer. The application of a uniaxial strain leads to a large reorientation of the magnetic easy axis which is detected by measuring longitudinal and transverse anisotropic magnetoresistance coefficients. Calculations based on the mean-field kinetic-exchange model of (Ga,Mn)As provide microscopic understanding of the measured effect. Electrically induced magnetization switching and detection of unconventional crystalline components of the anisotropic magnetoresistance are presented, illustrating the generic utility of the piezo voltage control to provide new device functionalities and in the research of micromagnetic and magnetotransport phenomena in diluted magnetic semiconductors.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Updates version 1 to include a more detailed discussion of the effect of strain on the anisotropic magnetoresistanc

Inventory of Important Fodder Plants of Ladakh Himalaya

In Ladakh, livestock rearing is a major activity in the livelihoods of the population and contributes greatly to income generation in the region and therefore alleviating poverty. In agro-pastoral animal husbandry systems of Leh, Khaltsey, and Nubra blocks and limited areas in Nyoma and Durbok, villagers live in settled communities and practice sedentary agriculture, but they also keep relatively large herds of livestock to augment income and meet dietary and fibre subsistence needs (Ahmed, 2002). Due to prolonged and extreme cold winter, the agriculture season is very short which starts from May and ends by September depending upon different altitudes. The major constraint to livestock production is winter season feed shortage. The annual growth rate of livestock is limited by forage quality and quantity especially in the winter season. The flora of cold desert Ladakh comes under alpine and high alpine zone, which is situated between 2700m to 6000m. The high altitude flora is mainly dominated by dwarf bushes or shrubs (Singh, 2009). In most parts of the region, the livestock feed on alpine pastures and are to be stall fed for the remaining almost seven months as the land is covered with thick layers of snow. This necessitates production and storage of large quantities of fodder. Accordingly in single cropped areas, the farmers put more area under fodder crops than the cereal crops and further substantiate it with all kinds of grasses and edible plant material collected from areas beyond farmlands. The use of grasses, legumes and other browse trees and shrubs as supplementary feed is therefore seen as a panacea in bridging this nutritional gap for livestock production in the region (Jadhav et al., 2009). While some information is available on the flora of Ladakh, this cannot be called satisfactory and final; as these include all kinds of plants, which may or may not be suitable as forage and fodder. Overall, lack of data and inventory on forage plant species is a hindrance to planning and formulation of schemes. Through this study, efforts have been made to document the available fodder plants for suitable future use

Unknowns after the SNO Charged-Current Measurement

We perform a model-independent analysis of solar neutrino flux rates including the recent charged-current measurement at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). We derive a universal sum rule involving SNO and SuperKamiokande rates, and show that the SNO neutral-current measurement can not fix the fraction of solar $\nu_e$ oscillating to sterile neutrinos. The large uncertainty in the SSM $^8$B flux impedes a determination of the sterile neutrino fraction.Comment: Version to appear in PRL; includes analysis with anticipated SNO NC measuremen