Sangam Literature as a way to Know Ancient Tamil Beliefs and Omens

Folklore is the culture of particular people protected by their beliefs and customs. Beliefs are created and protected by a community of people. Man’s selfishness and social consequences are developing these beliefs. Beliefs often seem to be the basis of fear, but when we do not perceive supernatural activities and when we are unable to explain the reasons for some events in life. Our mind creates some reason for it. And these reasons become a kind of belief. Beliefs are passed down from one generation to another. From birth to death we see man having various kind of beliefs. Beliefs play a major role in human life and it drives human life. This article examines the beliefs and omens of the ancient Tamils through Sangam Literature

Women, Displacement and Exclusion: Narratives of Women Affected by Development-Induced Displacement

Development Induced displacements are usually accompanied by a „downward spiral of impoverishments‟. They result in widespread psychological and socio-cultural impacts. The worst hits are women and children who are counted among the marginalised segments in these situations. The present paper brings out the narratives of five women displaced during the building of a dam at Almatti in Bagalkot district of northern Karnataka. The thematic analysis reflects the theoretical formulations of risks to which displaced people are exposed and the narratives bring out the deterioration of their living conditions

Astronomical Knowledge of Sangam Tamils through Sangam Literature

The ancient Tamils were the ones who closely observed the astronomical events and changes occurring in the sky every day and told the world the thoughts related to astronomy. Names like Kanyan Poongunranar, Kanimethaviyar, Pakkudukkai Nakkaniyar etc. are proof that there were many people who excelled in the field of astronomy in Tamil Nadu. Astronomer Sylator has said that Tamil's system of celestial arithmetic is the most moderate of all the mathematics involved. The history of the past reveals that the Tamil race has been deeply entrenched in scientific spirit and thought since ancient times. Based on scientific news, Tamil has the honour of creating literature two thousand years ago. The Tamilian who moved the wheel of life grounded on a scientific basis that day has recorded his scientific thoughts in Tamil. Even before the vernacular connection and its consequent mythological dependence were visible in Tamil, the idea of cosmic elements like the world, planets, constellations, etc., was prevalent in Classical Tamil literature. General science encompasses various disciplines like physics, chemistry, medicine, botany, zoology, astronomy, etc. Among these is the branch called astronomy, which helps to understand the various elements of space. Since astronomy is a growing discipline and has a guiding platform for many future studies, the messages related to astronomy seen in Sangam poems are examined in this article

The Marginalisation of the Displaced of Kerala

India implemented various projects for improving the quality of lives of its citizens. In Kerala, the Cochin International airport and ICTT of Vallarpadam are two major initiatives undertaken to boost the economy of the state; the cost of the initiative unfortunately includes displacement of people. The study aims to inquire into the marginalisation of displaced people of both these projects. The study identifies that the economic, social, psychological and political marginalisation faced by the displaced population could be avoided if measures are taken to address them prior to the displacement

Advancements in Multi-Layer Perceptron Training to Improve Classification Accuracy

Neural Networks are the popular classification tools used in Medical diagnosis for early disease detection. The performance of Neural Networks is highly depended on the training process. In the training process, the individual weights between each of the neuron are adjusted for better classification results. Many Gradient-based and Meta-heuristic training algorithms are proposed and used by the researchers to improve the training performance of Neural Network. However, there are some limitations in both Gradient-based and Meta-heuristic algorithms when there are used individually. To overcome these limitations and to improve the Multi-Layer Perceptron Network performance Hybrid algorithms are useful. In this study, a review on advancements in Multi-Layer Perceptron Network training process for the improvement of classification performance is presented

A non-Newtonian fluid flow model for blood flow through a catheterized artery—Steady flow

AbstractIn this paper the effects catheterization and non-Newtonian nature of blood in small arteries of diameter less than 100μm, on velocity, flow resistance and wall shear stress are analyzed mathematically by modeling blood as a Herschel–Bulkley fluid with parameters n and θ and the artery and catheter by coaxial rigid circular cylinders. The influence of the catheter radius and the yield stress of the fluid on the yield plane locations, velocity distributions, flow rate, wall shear stress and frictional resistance are investigated assuming the flow to be steady. It is shown that the velocity decreases as the yield stress increases for given values of other parameters. The frictional resistance as well as the wall shear stress increases with increasing yield stress, whereas the frictional resistance increases and the wall shear stress decreases with increasing catheter radius ratio k (catheter radius to vessel radius). For the range of catheter radius ratio 0.3–0.6, in smaller arteries where blood is modeled by Herschel–Bulkley fluid with yield stress θ=0.1, the resistance increases by a factor 3.98–21.12 for n=0.95 and by a factor 4.35–25.09 for n=1.05. When θ=0.3, these factors are 7.47–124.6 when n=0.95 and 8.97–247.76 when n=1.05

Occupational Stress among Team Leaders Working in IT Companies in Bangalore

The research aims to measure occupational stress of team leaders working at IT companies in Bangalore. The study also focuses on assessing the levels of occupational stress on four socio demographic factors i.e. age, gender, marital status and working hours. A sample of 100 team leaders working in three different IT companies were studied using occupational stress index by AP Singh and AK Srivastava. The results showed that 52% of the respondents have low occupational stress and 48% of the respondents have high occupational stress. There is no significant difference between male and female executions with respect to occupational stress. The team leaders who are above the age of 30 years tend to experience higher occupational stress than the team leaders who are under the age of 30 years. Team leaders who are divorced have higher occupational stress than the others .Team leaders who work more than 10 hours per day experience higher occupational stress than team leaders who work less than ten hours

Unity Attractors Inspired Programmable Cellular Automata and Barnacles Swarm Optimization-Based Energy Efficient Data Communication for Securing IoT

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the innovative technology that covers wide range of application that possesses high potential merits such as long-term operation, unmonitored network access, data transmission, and low implementation cost. In this context, Internet of Things (IoT) have evolved as an exciting paradigm with the rapid advancement of cellular mobile networks, near field communications and cloud computing. WSNs potentially interacts with the IoT devices based on the sensing features of web devices and communication technologies in sensors. At this juncture, IoT need to facilitate huge amount of data aggregation with security and disseminate it to the reliable path to make it reach the required base station. In this paper, Unity Attractors Inspired Programmable Cellular Automata and Barnacles Swarm Optimization-Based Energy Efficient Data Communication Mechanism (UAIPCA-BSO) is proposed for  Securing data and estimate the optimal path through which it can be forwarded in the IoT environment. In specific, Unity Attractors Inspired Programmable Cellular Automata is adopted for guaranteeing security during the data transmission process. It also aids in determining the optimal path of data transmission based on the merits of Barnacles Swarm Optimization Algorithm (BSOA), such that data is made to reach the base station at the required destination in time. The simulation results of UAIPCA-BSO confirmed minimized end-to-end delay , accuracy and time taken for malicious node detection, compared to the baseline approaches used for comparison

PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES ON TALINUM PORTULACIFOLIUM (FORSSK.) ASCH. EX SCHWEINF.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to establish the micromorphological characters of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf. belonging to the family Portulacaceae.Methods: The fresh plant parts were selected for micromorphological studies, and the air-dried plant powder was used for powder analysis as per the standard techniques [1-3].Results: Results revealed the presence of diagnostic characters like calcium oxalate crystals in the parenchyma cells of the leaf, which are druses with spiny surface that occurs in ordinary parenchyma cells. Stomata are paracytic which are present in both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The powder contains fragments of leaf epidermis, densely distributed stomata in laminar portions of the leaf.Conclusion: The present study provides the valuable information and also acts as pharmacognostical standards to standardize the study plant scientifically