Effect of Viscous Dissipation, Soret and Dufour Effect on Free Convection Heat and Mass Transfer from Vertical Surface in a Porous Medium

AbstractIn the present approach, a two dimensional steady free convection flow of heat and mass transfer from a vertical surface in porous media with viscous dissipation has been analyzed numerically considering Soret and Dufour effects. The governing non linear partial differential equations have been transformed by a similar transformation in to a system of ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by using implicit finite difference scheme. The dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are displayed graphically showing the effects for the different values of the Lewis number, soret number and viscous dissipation parameter

AN EFFICIENT METHOD-LEVEL CODE CLONE DETECTION SCHEME THROUGH TEXTUAL ANALYSIS USING METRICS

ABSTRACT Code cloning or the act of copying code fragments and making minor, non-functional alterations, is a well known problem for evolving software systems which leads to duplicated code fragments known as code clones. A Clone Detection approach is to find out the reused fragment of code in any application to maintain different types of clones that are being identified by the clone detection techniques. Ever since clone detection evolved, it has been providing better results by reducing the complexity. A different clone detection tool makes the detection process easier and produces efficient results. In many existing systems, main focus is on line by line detection or token based detection to find out the clones in the system. So, it makes the system to take long time to process the entire source code. If the fragment of code is not an exact copy but the functionalities make it similar to each other, then existing system doesn't figure out that type of clones in it. This paper proposes combination of textual and metric analysis of a source code for the detection of all types of clones in a given set of fragment of java source code. Various semantics have been formulated and their values are used during the detection process. This metrics with textual analysis provides less complexity in finding the clones and giving accurate results

Role of water in Protein Aggregation and Amyloid Polymorphism

A variety of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the formation of amyloid plaques. Our incomplete understanding of this process underscores the need to decipher the principles governing protein aggregation. Most experimental and simulation studies have been interpreted largely from the perspective of proteins: the role of solvent has been relatively overlooked. In this Account, we provide a perspective on how interactions with water affect folding landscapes of A$\beta$ monomers, A$\beta_{16-22}$ oligomer formation, and protofilament formation in a Sup35 peptide. Simulations show that the formation of aggregation-prone structures (N$^*$) similar to the structure in the fibril requires overcoming high desolvation barrier. The mechanism of protofilament formation in a polar Sup35 peptide fragment illustrates that water dramatically slows down self-assembly. Release of water trapped in the pores as water wires creates protofilament with a dry interface. Similarly, one of the main driving force for addition of a solvated monomer to a preformed fibril is the entropy gain of released water. We conclude by postulating that two-step model for protein crystallization must also hold for higher order amyloid structure formation starting from N$^*$. Multiple N$^*$ structures with varying water content results in a number of distinct water-laden polymorphic structures. In predominantly hydrophobic sequences, water accelerates fibril formation. In contrast, water-stabilized metastable intermediates dramatically slow down fibril growth rates in hydrophilic sequences.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures; Accounts of Chemical Research, 201

Synthesis of some novel isoxazolyl pyrimido[4,5-<i style="">d</i>][1,3]-thiazol-7-ones, isoxazolyl-2-(4-oxo-4<i style="">H</i>-1,3-benzothiazin-2-yl)acetamides and isoxazolyl thiazolidinones from isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide synthon

721-728The synthesis of title compounds has been achieved from isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide 2 synthon. Isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide 2 has been obtained by reaction of 4-amino-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazole 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate. The cyclocondensation of 2 with aryl isothiocyanates in presence of sulphur followed by subsequent reaction with acetic anhydride afforded isoxazolylpyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]-thiazol-7-ones 4a-i. Compounds 2 have been converted to isoxazolyl 2-(4-oxo-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-2-yl)acetamides 5a-f by treatment with 2-sulfonyl benzoic acid in boiling acetic acid. Cyclocondensation of 2 with thioglycolic acid in boiling acetic acid furnishes isoxazolyl thiazolidinones 6a-f in excellent yields. The newly synthesized compounds 2-6 have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-3,6-diaryl-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-2-ones

223-228Treatment of 3-benzalamino-5-methylisoxazoles 1 with ammonium thiocyanate in hot acetic acid affords the corresponding N-isothiocyanato(phenyl)methyl-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amines 2a-j in excellent yields. N-Isoxazolyl-α-aminoisothiocyanates 2a-j on reaction with aryl isocyanates undergoes cyclization to give the corresponding isoxazolyl-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-2-ones 3a-l in good yields. The compounds 2a-j and 3a-l have been screened for their antimicrobial activity

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel spiro-isoxazolyl oxazolidin-4-one-[5,5¹]-1,2,4-oxadiazolines and thiazolidin-4-one-[5,5¹]-1,2,4-oxadiazolines

1800-1806The synthesis of novel isoxazolyl 1,6-dioxa-2,4,9-triazaspiro[5,51]-non-2-ene-8-ones 4 and isoxazolyl 1-oxa-6-thia-2,4,9-triazaspiro[5,51]-non-2-ene-8-ones 6 analogs is described. Reaction of N-1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-chloroacetamide 2 with arylisocyanates yields 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-arylimino-1,3-oxazolan-4-ones 3. Cycloaddition of 3 with benzonitrile oxides furnishes novel spiro isoxazolyl oxazolidin-4-one[5,51]-1,2,4-oxadiazolines 4. Reaction of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">2 with arylisothiocyanates affords 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-arylimino-1,3-thiazolan-4ones 5. Cycloaddition of<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> 5 with benzonitrile oxides yields novel spiro isoxazolyl thiazolidin-4-one[5,51]-1,2,4-oxadiazolines <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">6. All the new products have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H&nbsp;NMR and mass spectral studies. Compounds 4 and<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"> 6 have been screened for their antimicrobial activity