Impact of mediastinal, liver and lung 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) washout on calculated 123I-MIBG myocardial washout

PURPOSE: In planar (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) myocardial imaging mediastinum (M) activity is often used as a background correction in calculating "washout" (WO). However, the most likely sources for counts that might produce errors in estimating myocardial (Myo) activity are lung (Lu) and liver (Li), which typically have higher counts/pixel (cpp) than M. The present study investigated the relationship between changes in Lu, Li and Myo activity between early and late planar (123)I-MIBG images, with comparison to M as the best estimator of non-specific background activity. METHODS: Studies on 98 subjects with both early (e) and late (l) planar (123)I-MIBG images were analysed. There were 68 subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF), 14 with hypertension (HTN) but no known heart disease and 16 controls (C). For each image, regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn: an irregular whole Myo, Lu, upper M and Li. For each ROI, WO was calculated as [(cpp(e)-cpp(l:decay corrected))/cpp(e)]x100%. RESULTS: Multivariable forward stepwise regression analysis showed that overall a significant proportion of the variation in Myo WO could be explained by a model containing M WO and Lu WO (37%, p < 0.001). Only in controls was M WO the sole variable explaining a significant proportion of the variation in Myo WO (27%, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Although increased Myo WO in CHF subjects reflects disease severity, part of the count differences measured on planar (123)I-MIBG myocardial images likely reflects changes in the adjacent and surrounding Lu tissue. The results for the controls suggest that this is the only group where a mediastinum correction alone may be appropriate for cardiac WO calculation

Murine Models and Cell Lines for the Investigation of Pheochromocytoma: Applications for Future Therapies?

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors arising from adrenal chromaffin cells. Tumors arising from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells are called paragangliomas. Metastases can occur up to approximately 60% or even more in specific subgroups of patients. There are still no well-established and clinically accepted “metastatic” markers available to determine whether a primary tumor is or will become malignant. Surgical resection is the most common treatment for non-metastatic PCCs, but no standard treatment/regimen is available for metastatic PCC. To investigate what kind of therapies are suitable for the treatment of metastatic PCC, animal models or cell lines are very useful. Over the last two decades, various mouse and rat models have been created presenting with PCC, which include models presenting tumors that are to a certain degree biochemically and/or molecularly similar to human PCC, and develop metastases. To be able to investigate which chemotherapeutic options could be useful for the treatment of metastatic PCC, cell lines such as mouse pheochromocytoma (MPC) and mouse tumor tissue (MTT) cells have been recently introduced and they both showed metastatic behavior. It appears these MPC and MTT cells are biochemically and molecularly similar to some human PCCs, are easily visualized by different imaging techniques, and respond to different therapies. These studies also indicate that some mouse models and both mouse PCC cell lines are suitable for testing new therapies for metastatic PCC

Novel iodinated tracers, MIBG and BMIPP, for nuclear cardiology

With the rapid growth of molecular biology, in vivo imaging of such molecular process (i.e., molecular imaging) has been well developed. The molecular imaging has been focused on justifying advanced treatments and for assessing the treatment effects. Most of molecular imaging has been developed using PET camera and suitable PET radiopharmaceuticals. However, this technique cannot be widely available and we need alternative approach. 123I-labeled compounds have been also suitable for molecular imaging using single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) 123I-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) has been used for assessing severity of heart failure and prognosis. In addition, it has a potential role to predict fatal arrhythmia, particularly for those who had and are planned to receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treatment. 123I-beta-methyl-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) plays an important role for identifying ischemia at rest, based on the unique capability to represent persistent metabolic alteration after recovery of ischemia, so called ischemic memory. Since BMIPP abnormalities may represent severe ischemia or jeopardized myocardium, it may permit risk analysis in CAD patients, particularly for those with chronic kidney disease and/or hemodialysis patients. This review will discuss about recent development of these important iodinated compounds

Phenolic acids in extracts obtained from the flowering herbs of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. growing in Poland

In this work the phenolic acids in the methanol extract from the flowering herbs of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. growing in Poland were isolated and identified. The samples containing free phenolic acids and those released after acid and alkaline hydrolyses were investigated by 2D TLC on cellulose. After purification by SPE, samples were also analyzed by RP-HPLC. Six phenolic acids such as gallic, protokatechuic, gentisic, hydrobenzoic, vanillic and caffeic acids were detected in the fraction of free phenolic acids of the methanol extract, irrespectively of the method used

Coumarins from angelica lucida L. - Antibacterial activities

The first phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Angelica lucida has led to the isolation and characterization of five known coumarins (imperatorin, isoimperatorin, heraclenol, oxypeucedanin hydrate and heraclenin). All isolated compounds were identified by means of spectral and literature data. The extracts and the isolated constituents from A. lucida have been also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six Gram positive and negative bacteria, two oral pathogens and three human pathogenic fungi, exhibiting an interesting antimicrobial profile. © 2009

Chemical Constituents of Lavatera trimestris L. - Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

Nine phenolic compounds, such as cis-/trans-p-coumaric acid, cis-/trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester, glucose ester of cis-/trans-p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid methyl ester, kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside, were isolated from Lavatera trimestris flowers by chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectral means (NMR). All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity, while the methanolic extract was tested also for its antimicrobial activity. Also several non-polar constituents have been identified using GC and GC/MS methods. This is the first time that phenolic esters and non-polar constituents were identified in the flowers of L. trimestris L. © 2007, Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. All rights reserved