On the specificity of cyclodextrin complexes detected by electrospray mass spectrometry

alpha-cyclodextrin complexes with linear alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids were investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry. These hydrophobic complexes are known to have an equilibrium binding constant that increases with the diacid chain length. However, the electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) spectra showed that the relative intensity of the complex did not vary significantly with chain length. This contradiction is caused by a contribution of nonspecific adducts to the signal of the complex in ES-MS. In order to estimate the contribution of nonspecific adducts to the total intensity of the complexes with alpha-cyclodextrin, the comparison was made between alpha-cyclodextrin and maltohexaose, the latter being incapable of making inclusion complexes in solution. The signal observed for complexes between diacids and maltohexaose can only result from nonspecific electrostatic aggregation, and is found to be more favorable with the shorter diacids. This is also supported by MS/MS experiments. A procedure is described which allows estimation of the contribution of the nonspecific complex in the spectra of the complexes with alpha-cyclodextrin by using the relative intensity of the complex with maltohexaose. The contribution of the specific complex to the total signal intensity is found to increase with the diacid chain length, which is in agreement with solution behavior

A real-world, long-term experience on effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: The Cross Pennine study

Abstract Background Real-life data on vedolizumab effectiveness in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still emerging. Data on the comparative safety of the gut selective profile are of particular interest. Aims To assess clinical outcome and safety in IBD patients treated with vedolizumab. Methods We retrospectively collected data of patients treated with vedolizumab at eight UK hospitals (August 2014–January 2018). Clinical response and remission at 14 and 52 weeks evaluated through Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and adverse events were recorded. Possible predictors of clinical response were examined. Results Two hundred and three IBD patients (mean treatment 16 ± 8 months) were included. Of these, 135 patients (mean age 40.6 ± 16.0 years; F:M 1.9:1) had CD and 68 (mean age 44.5 ± 18.1 years; F:M 1:1.2) had UC. According to PGA, 106/135 (78.5%) CD and 62/68 (91.2%) UC patients (p = 0.02) had a clinical response/remission at 14 weeks, whereas 76/119 (63.9%) CD and 52/63 (82.5%) UC patients (p  Conclusion Vedolizumab is an effective therapy for inducing and maintaining remission of IBD, with better results for UC, and with a good safety profile