The effect of a hydrolyzed collagen-based supplement on wound healing in patients with burn: A randomized double-blind pilot clinical trial

Introduction: Burn is among the most severe forms of critical illness, associated with extensive and prolonged physical, metabolic and mental disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an oral, low-cost, and accessible collagen-based supplement on wound healing in patients with burn. Methods: In this randomized double-blind controlled pilot clinical trial, 31 men, 18�60 years, with 20�30 total body surface area burn were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a collagen-based supplement (1000 kcal) or an isocaloric placebo, for 4 weeks. Serum pre-albumin, rate of wound healing, length of hospital stay, and anthropometries were assessed at baseline, and the end of week 2 and 4. Results: Serum pre-albumin was significantly higher at week 2 (29.7 ± 13.6 vs. 17.8 ± 7.5 mg/dL, P = 0.006) and week 4 (35.1 ± 7.6 vs. 28.3 ± 8.2 mg/dL, P = 0.023) in collagen than control group. Changes in pre-albumin concentration were also significantly higher in collagen group at week 2 (13.9 ± 9.8 vs. �1.9 ± 10.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and week 4 (19.2 ± 7.5 vs. 8.5 ± 10.1 mg/dL, P = 0.002). The Hazard ratio of wound healing was 3.7 times in collagen compared to control group (95 CI: 1.434�9.519, P = 0.007). Hospital stay was clinically, but not statistically, lower in collagen than control group (9.4 ± 4.6 vs. 13.5 ± 7 days, P = 0.063). There were no significant differences in weight, body mass index, dietary energy and protein intakes between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings showed that a hydrolyzed collagen-based supplement could significantly improve wound healing and circulating pre-albumin, and clinically reduce hospital stay in patients with 20�30 burn. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd and ISB

The link between plant-based diet indices with biochemical markers of bone turn over, inflammation, and insulin in Iranian older adults

Background: The association of plant-based diets and biomarkers of bone, insulin, and inflammation is still unclear. Objectives: We investigated the associations between biomarkers of bone, insulin, and inflammation and three plant-based diet indices: an overall plant-based diet index (PDI); a healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI); and an unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Methods: We included 178 elderly subjects who referred to health centers in Tehran. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure osteocalcin. The Human C-telopeptide of type â collagen (u-CTX-I), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH) D, and insulin resistance and sensitivity. We created an overall PDI, hPDI, and uPDI from semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. Results: Dietary groups of Vegetables (r =.15, p =.03), nuts (r =.16, p =.03), dairy (r =.25, p =.001), eggs (r =.27, p <.001), red meat, and animal products (r =.25, p =.001) were directly correlated with osteocalcin. Refined grains were also had a positive association with serum insulin concentration (r =.14, p =.04). PTH levels are inversely associated with PDI score (β = â��0.18, p =.01). Also, serum insulin concentration was negatively associated with PDI score (β = â��0.10, p =.04). Urine CTX-1 levels were significantly associated with hPDI score (β = â��0.06, p =.04). u-CTX-1 levels are inversely associated with uPDI score. This significance did not change with the adjustment of the confounders (β = â��0.28, p <.001). Conclusions: More adherence to PDI and hPDI and less in uPDI may have a beneficial effect on biomarkers of bone, inflammation, and insulin thus preserving chronic diseases. © 2021 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LL

Association between energy expenditure and body composition in pre-school children

The aim of my thesis was to assess the variability of EE and weight up the link between this variability and body composition in pre-school children (89 subjects). A further aim was to validate a wrist worn acelerometry (Actiwatch) against direct observation and compare two-points and multi-points calculation methods of total EE using DLW. Our results indicated that Actiwatch is valid and reliable for assessing physical activity (PA) pattern in children. In second study we observed that there was no significant difference between two sample points and multiple sample points to calculate total energy expenditure in pre-school children, while multi-samples gave more precise estimation of TEE than two samples. A considerable variation in resting metabolic rate (73.1%) and TEE (70.9%) was explained by body composition including fat mass and fat free mass. Sleep and PA pattern could make an additional contribution of 20.9% to variation of free-living TEE. Total and regional body composition obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) revealed that central FFM did not contribute more in variation of TEE and RMR than peripheral FFM. Although TEE was higher in boys, no significant gender difference was observed for RMR. Our results suggested that regional body composition is more associated to PA than total body composition. Cross-sectional data in this study did not allow us to determine the cause and effect manner of the association between PA and regional body composition. Increased watching TV was associated with greater body fat and it may happen by decreasing PA intensity and not by decreasing physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) or Physical activity level (PAL). Even though, we die not observe any familial resemblance for PA and RMR between children and their parent, total body composition was more heritable than regional body composition at least in pre-school age children.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Children Energy Expenditure by Doubly Labeled Water: Comparison of Multi-Point and Two-Point Methods

Objective: This study was designed to compare the multi-sample and two-sample methods in measuring children energy expenditure using doubly labeled water (DLW). Methods: Twenty-six healthy children (11 boys, 15girls; age 2-6 years) were recruited. The subjects in this study were from a subset of 90 children aged 2–6 years who were part of a larger study (RASCAL). After collection of a baseline urinary sample, every child was orally dosed with DLW based on body weight. Three urinary samples were taken at approximately 2, 4 and 6 hours after the isotope administration to determine the isotope dilution space and initial isotope enrichment. Further samples were collected, thereafter daily, preferably in the evening, for the next 14 days. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over 7 and 14 days using the multi-point and two-point methods under free-living conditions by doubly labeled water. Results: There was no significant difference (T-test=0.79, P=0.439) between Total Energy Expenditure analyzed by the multipoint and two-point methods. There was also no significant difference between 7 and 14 days measurement of TEE using DLW. Conclusion: These data indicated that using 7 days measurement and two points method for measuring TEE in children is valid and cost-effective

Association between Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity and Body Composition in Children

Childhood overweight and obesity are already on the rise in developed and developing countries. Childhood obesity is becoming a serious health problem. The cause of this problem is poorly understood. Despite a variety of factors such as genetic and environmental, a sedentary lifestyle is a known major contributor to obesity in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and body composition in children. Methods: The study group consisted of 89 children (42 boys, 47 girls), aged 4.06+/-1.33 years. Physical activity patterns were determined using Actiwatch during 7 days. The times spend on television and computer were estimated from the lifestyle questionnaire. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Percentage of body fat was higher in girls (30.35+/-7.23) than boys (25.90+/-6.82). There was no significant difference in activity level and TV viewing between boys and girls. No association was found between physical activity pattern and body composition. Television viewing was negatively associated with body fat (r=0.324, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This study supports the previous finding that inactivity is a major risk factor for childhood obesit

The effect of (L-)carnitine on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, which have examined the effect of the carnitine on adult weight loss. Relevant studies were identified by systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reference lists of relevant marker studies. Nine studies (total n = 911) of adequate methodological quality were included in the review. Trials with mean difference (MD) of 95 confidence interval (CI) were pooled using random effect model. Results from meta-analysis of eligible trials revealed that subjects who received carnitine lost significantly more weight (MD: �1.33 kg; 95 CI: �2.09 to �0.57) and showed a decrease in body mass index (MD: �0.47 kg m�2; 95 CI: �0.88 to �0.05) compared with the control group. The results of meta-regression analysis of duration of consumption revealed that the magnitude of weight loss resulted by carnitine supplementation significantly decreased over time (p = 0.002). We conclude that receiving the carnitine resulted in weight loss. Using multiple-treatments meta-analysis of the drugs and non-pharmacotherapy options seem to be insightful areas for research. © 2016 World Obesity. © 2016 World Obesit

Dietary intake of fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies

Previous studies have shown that fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with hip fracture; however, findings were conflicting. The present review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the association of fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with hip fracture. The online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct and Embase were searched until August 2017 for related publications using relevant keywords. To pool data, either a fixed-effects model or random-effects models were used. Cochran's Q tests were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. In total, 10 studies (7 prospective and 3 case-control studies) were included in this systematic review, and 9 studies with total sample size of 292657 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The age of participants was 20 years or older. Combining 8 effect sizes from 4 prospective studies and 2 case-control studies revealed a significant inverse association between fish consumption and risk of hip fracture (pooled effect size: 0.88, 95 CI: 0.79-0.98, P = 0.02). Although this relationship became non-significant in prospective studies, a significant inverse association was found in prospective studies with sample size of 10000 individuals or more, and studies that considered body mass index as a covariate. Furthermore, dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs was inversely associated with risk of hip fracture (pooled effect size: 0.89, 95 CI: 0.80-0.99, P = 0.02). Also, such relationship was seen after excluding one case-control study and combining effect sizes only from prospective studies (pooled effect size: 0.88, 95 CI: 0.80-0.98, P = 0.02). In conclusion, we found that fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs might have protective effects on bone health and decline the risk of hip fracture. © 2017, © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Dietary intake of fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies

Previous studies have shown that fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with hip fracture; however, findings were conflicting. The present review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the association of fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with hip fracture. The online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct and Embase were searched until August 2017 for related publications using relevant keywords. To pool data, either a fixed-effects model or random-effects models were used. Cochran's Q tests were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. In total, 10 studies (7 prospective and 3 case-control studies) were included in this systematic review, and 9 studies with total sample size of 292657 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The age of participants was 20 years or older. Combining 8 effect sizes from 4 prospective studies and 2 case-control studies revealed a significant inverse association between fish consumption and risk of hip fracture (pooled effect size: 0.88, 95 CI: 0.79-0.98, P = 0.02). Although this relationship became non-significant in prospective studies, a significant inverse association was found in prospective studies with sample size of 10000 individuals or more, and studies that considered body mass index as a covariate. Furthermore, dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs was inversely associated with risk of hip fracture (pooled effect size: 0.89, 95 CI: 0.80-0.99, P = 0.02). Also, such relationship was seen after excluding one case-control study and combining effect sizes only from prospective studies (pooled effect size: 0.88, 95 CI: 0.80-0.98, P = 0.02). In conclusion, we found that fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs might have protective effects on bone health and decline the risk of hip fracture. © 2017, © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Diet quality in obese/overweight individuals with/without metabolic syndrome compared to normal weight controls

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious public health concern worldwide; however, the pathogenesis of this disease has not been yet cleared. This study aimed to compare diet quality in obese/overweight participants with/without metabolic syndrome with normal weight controls. Methods: This was a comparative study on 147 Iranian adults under treatment at the Endocrinology Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They were assigned into three groups (normal weight, obese weight with/without MetS) according to the inclusion- exclusion criteria. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the NCEP ATPIII consensus criteria. Healthy Eating Index Data were obtained from the validated FFQ to determine the diet quality index scores, using the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Results: Our findings demonstrated that FBS, TG, SBP, WC and weight were higher among MetS patients compared to the both weight matched and non-weight matched participants, while HDL-c was lowest in this group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between healthy weight controls and obese/overweight participants with/without MetS in HEI-2010, and 9 of the 12 HEI-2010 components score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed that low diet quality was a risk factor in developing MetS